利益集团、行为偏好与黄宗羲定律——中国封建王朝更替动因的经济学分析

中国封建社会特殊的社会结构下,封建王朝在其演进过程中,农民集团和官僚集团之间的利益博弈对税赋改革的影响会导致＂黄宗羲定律＂的形成。税赋愈改愈重使得农民在当朝所能获得的效用随时间的推移而降低,从而导致农民预期起义成本的降低,当这种预期成本下降到一定水平后,农民集团会采取有效的集团行动并转向对新的政治体制的寻求,最终完成朝代的更替。这一过程可以运用经济学的基本理论,并建立适当模型,从而对中国社会特有的王朝更替现象进行解释。     

高技术企业的权变治理、管理者更替与企业永续发展

高技术企业的治理与规范化公司的治理存在很大的差异,甚至是本质上的差异。这种差异主要来自于高技术企业的人力资本价值和团队合作价值。但从企业长期发展来看,高技术企业必须平衡权威治理和企业永续发展的关系问题。本文运用企业权力主体竞争力模型分析高技术企业控制权结构,剖析了高技术企业的“两人治理结构”现象,揭示出保持高技术企业永续发展的两大主题——权变治理和管理者更替问题。     

典型场景下换电重卡的技术经济性分析

换电重卡能够解决新能源重卡购置成本高、充电时间长等痛点,对于加快我国货车电动化进程具有重要意义。但是,受制于车辆换电成本高、续驶里程短等因素,换电重卡的推广应用需具备合适的应用场景和一定的政策支持。为研究换电重卡的适用场景与应用范围,本文构建了多个典型场景下换电重卡的技术经济性模型,分析了影响换电重卡使用阶段经济性的主要因素。结果表明,对换电重卡经济性影响最大的因素是电池综合服务费;在中长途运输场景下,载货量对换电重卡经济性的影响同样明显;碳交易制度对换电重卡的经济性影响则较为有限。为推动换电重卡的发展,政策层面应给予换电重卡更多支持,降低换电重卡购置成本与运营成本,同时给予换电重卡更多政策便利条件,促进换电重卡的推广应用。     

Enacting risk reduction: an examination of the volitional stages of smoking cessation within Scotland

This study examines an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in the context of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as an aid to smoking cessation. An attempt is made to address the intention–behaviour gap identified in the literature by specifically focusing on the role and interrelationships of volitional stages, namely intention, planning and anticipated effort. A convenience sample of 207 female smokers, aged 16–36, provided information about their views, attitudes and volitional behaviour regarding the use of NRT as an aid to smoking cessation. Results of this study show the TPB to be pertinent, accounting for 41% of the variance in intention to use NRT as an aid to smoking cessation. Furthermore, behavioural intention is found to mediate the relationship between the TPB antecedents (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) and each of the two volitional elements, planning and anticipated effort. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

外商直接投资对我国出口贸易的影响

改革开放以来，外商直接投资对我国出口贸易产生极大的影响，促进了我国出口贸易量的飞速增长。根据直接投资与贸易关系理论，二者之间主要存在着替代效应和互补效应两个方面。本文从直接投资与贸易关系理论出发，探讨了改革开放以来外商直接投资对我国出口贸易的促进作用和不利影响，并提出相应的政策建议。     

On efficiency of the ratio estimator

Summary The exact mean square error for the ratio estimator of a finite population total based on simple random sampling without replacement is shown to have an expected value less than that of the variance of the ratio estimator based on Midzuno’s scheme, under a usual super-population model.     

再生细骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响

建筑废弃物经过除杂、二次破碎可以得到粒径范围为0-4.75mm的再生细骨料。本文研究了不同水灰比条件下,再生细骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明:当再生细骨料取代率由10%增加到40%时,再生混凝土7天抗压强度逐渐降低。再生混凝土28天抗压强度随着再生细骨料取代率的增加逐渐降低,取代率在50%以下时,28天抗压强度降低幅度较小且满足设计要求。再生细骨料用于实际工程中,其社会效益和经济效益十分可观。     

浅层软土路基处理方案研究

根据实际案例,分析浅层软土的特点,给出不同的路基处理方案比选,最终得出最优的处理方案.     

Price determinants of bred heifers: Do reputations matter?

Replacement brood cows are among the most significant investments for cow-calf operations, thus crucial to profitability. Many cow-calf producers find it cost effective to purchase replacements from a reliable replacement heifer seller, though by doing so they increase risk of reproductive inefficiency due to unknown characteristics of the heifers. When important information about a product is missing to buyers, a seller can build a reputation over time that acts as signal for quality. Previous work has explored reputation effects in feeder cattle markets, but to our knowledge we are the first to explore reputation effects in bred replacement cattle markets. Using data from an annual replacement heifer sale, we analyze the values of heifer characteristics and test for premiums from reputation development. After controlling for reproductive practices, breed, and other characteristics, we find reputation does not play the role that Shapiro theorized. In this sale, the lot order is strategically chosen and may indicate bred heifer quality to buyers, replacing the need for reputation as a signal. This study highlights the importance of quality signals and regional preferences in bred replacement cattle marketing and lays the empirical groundwork for future studies to test Shapiro's theory.     

物价变动情况下折旧调整方法探究

本文探讨了在物价变动的情况下 ,通过计提“增补折旧”或用“资产减值准备”账户对折旧额进行调整的会计方法 ,以期更合理地计算折旧费用 ,实现实体资本保全。