心脏瓣膜置换术围手术期护理

目的:通过对32例心脏瓣膜疾病患者实施机械瓣膜置换手术前后的护理。方法:回顾性分析了心脏瓣膜置换病人通过一系列的治疗和护理所达到的效果。结果:32例患者顺利治愈出院,平均住院19天,院外随访健康状况良好。结论:在护理工作中,加强术前健康宣教和术后呼吸、循环系统的监测及电解质和凝血酶原的监测,帮助患者平稳度过围术期,提高手术疗效。     

老年髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防和护理

由于手术创伤等原因,进行髋关节置换的患者,尤其是老年人,是深静脉血栓形成(DVT)和肺栓塞(PE)的高危人群[1]。本文以实际临床资料为切入点,从静脉血流淤滞、血液高凝状态、静脉壁损伤三个方面论述了髋关节置换术后DVT高发的影响因素,进而提出了相关的预防措施。     

Economic Replacement of a Heterogeneous Herd

A model was developed to determine the optimal slaughter weights of pigs with heterogeneous growth raised in a 1,000 head barn and marketed in truckload groups. Under commonly used revenue schemes, which include discounts for weight and leanness, the optimal strategy was to market one or two truckloads of the heaviest animals, to wait several days, and then to market the rest of the herd. This multiple marketing strategy allows the producer to avoid some sort losses for heavy animals, but only modestly extends the grow/finish period, reflecting the dominance of the opportunity cost of facilities in the herd replacement decision.     

浅谈校企合作的模式

校企合作是当前高等院校最重要的教学改革之一。针对目前高校教育中存在的一些问题,结合我校校企合作的实践经验,提出了顶岗实习等五种行之有效的校企合作模式,为校企进一步深入合作提供了思路和做法。     

中国煤炭消费的绿色革命

推进我国煤炭消费的绿色革命,是当前我国能源革命和生态文明建设的重中之重。从当前我国能源、经济、环境可持续发展的现状和关键问题出发,明确论述了煤炭消费绿色革命的战略意义和关键目标,并基于一般均衡和技术优化等模型和情景分析方法,探索了实现煤炭消费革命的可行路径。研究结果有望对我国能源与环境领域的产业发展和政策支持起到基础性支撑作用。     

Transitioning into a ‘throwaway planet’

It is generally considered to be safer for the environment to repair a malfunctioning product for further reuse than to dispose of it and replace it with a newly manufactured product, unless the product is being replaced with a more energy efficient alternative. However, whereas United States has long been labelled a ‘throwaway society’, this paper presents the results of an international consumer survey which demonstrates that as other nations develop with respect to GDP per Capita (Gross Domestic Product per Capita), they too start transitioning into throwaway societies. This transition then calls into account of just how environmentally damaging this practice will become.     

An empirical test of replacement costs of turnover using human capital corporate panel in Korea

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the role of turnover in influencing organizational resource allocation. Because research that addresses employee turnover based on longitudinal data remains relatively limited, the impact of employee turnover in a given time period on future turnover, as well as replacement costs, requires further explanation. This study uses the turnover–replacement cost mechanism to empirically test panel data from 224 South Korean firms between 2005 and 2015 (T1–T6). The findings indicate that the relationship between turnover and replacement costs gradually recovered following the global financial crisis and that the carryover effects have been dynamic over time. Although we found no significant effects that confirm the dynamics in our model, our findings suggest that firms must identify unstable dynamics and patterns to address future economic uncertainty. Finally, a comparison of our model to models without control variables reveals similarities and differences between the two control variables (i.e. firm size and type of industry).     

新型农村社会养老保险替代率的测算与分析

运用保险精算的方法,对新型农村社会养老保险的替代率进行了测算。结果表明,在现行制度设计下,新农保替代率水平较低,其主要原因在于新农保个人账户养老金替代率较低。提高个人账户养老金替代率的方法有三种,即提高个人的缴费档次、提高政府的缴费补贴和提高个人账户养老基金的收益率,其中最有效的方法是提高个人账户养老基金的收益率。因此,新农保基金应在适当的情况下进行投资运营,同时,应继续强化土地保障和家庭保障的作用。     

The effects of a free-repair warranty on the discrete-time periodic replacement policy

This paper presents the effects of a free-repair warranty on a periodic replacement policy with a discrete time process. Considering a repairable product that should be operational at the time over an indefinitely long operation cycle n (n=1, 2, …), under the discrete-time periodic replacement policy, a product is preventively replaced at pre-specified operation cycles N, 2N, 3N, … (N=1, 2, …). When the product fails, a minimal repair is performed at the time of failure, and the failure rate is not disturbed by each repair. The cost models from the customers' perspectives are developed for both warranted and non-warranted products. The corresponding optimal replacement period N? is derived such that the long-run expected cost rate is minimized. Under the assumption of the discrete time increasing failure rate, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal replacement period are shown, and the impact of a free-repair warranty on the optimal periodic replacement policies is investigated analytically. The optimal N* for a warranted product should be adjusted toward the end of the warranty period. Finally, numerical examples are demonstrated for the optimal policy illustration and verification. The observations from the numerical results provide valuable information for a buyer (user) to adjust the optimal periodic replacement policy if a product is operating in discrete time under a free-repair warranty.