Promoting shared health care decision making using the analytic hierarchy process

Recent developments in medical technology and bioethics have led to a shift in the traditional framework of physician–patient responsibility in health care decision making. Patients are increasingly participating in serious health care decisions, resulting in a “shared decision-making model“ that both patients and their doctors agree is a significant improvement over the traditional system in which a doctor served as the primary decision maker. However, patients are finding they need to develop strategies that allow them to understand and evaluate their health care options in a clear manner. T.L. Saaty’s “Analytic Hierarchy Process” (AHP) is a decision methodology that has been successfully applied to a wide variety of situations and has great potential as a methodology for improved shared health care decision making. This paper reports the results of an experimental use of AHP as a tool to facilitate shared decision making for two specific health care populations. Both groups of patients were deciding amongst their options in terms of two important elective health care procedures: estrogen replacement therapy and cosmetic eyelid surgery. After using AHP, the majority of both patients and physicians agreed that this technique improved physician–patient communication, thus greatly assisting shared health care decisions. When considering other criteria in addition to physician–patient communication, including the entire physician–patient relationship, the patients felt that AHP was preferable to the conventional doctor-patient mode of decision making.     

The Viability of Commodity Cartels: The Case of Oil

By applying an elasticity of demand analysis, the author explains the rise and fall of the oil cartel. This article will be of special interest in inttermediate micro, industrial organization, and “contemporary problems” courses.     

新型农村社会养老保险替代率的测算与分析

运用保险精算的方法,对新型农村社会养老保险的替代率进行了测算。结果表明,在现行制度设计下,新农保替代率水平较低,其主要原因在于新农保个人账户养老金替代率较低。提高个人账户养老金替代率的方法有三种,即提高个人的缴费档次、提高政府的缴费补贴和提高个人账户养老基金的收益率,其中最有效的方法是提高个人账户养老基金的收益率。因此,新农保基金应在适当的情况下进行投资运营,同时,应继续强化土地保障和家庭保障的作用。     

An empirical test of replacement costs of turnover using human capital corporate panel in Korea

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the role of turnover in influencing organizational resource allocation. Because research that addresses employee turnover based on longitudinal data remains relatively limited, the impact of employee turnover in a given time period on future turnover, as well as replacement costs, requires further explanation. This study uses the turnover–replacement cost mechanism to empirically test panel data from 224 South Korean firms between 2005 and 2015 (T1–T6). The findings indicate that the relationship between turnover and replacement costs gradually recovered following the global financial crisis and that the carryover effects have been dynamic over time. Although we found no significant effects that confirm the dynamics in our model, our findings suggest that firms must identify unstable dynamics and patterns to address future economic uncertainty. Finally, a comparison of our model to models without control variables reveals similarities and differences between the two control variables (i.e. firm size and type of industry).     

中国非寿险业发展的路径依赖问题研究

中国非寿险业已经走过了20多年的改革发展历程,虽然从规模上得到了长足的发展,却并未取得预期的经济绩效,而是陷入了大面积亏损的"闭锁"状态。为此,本文结合中国本土实际,运用有关制度变迁理论的重要思想方法,从经济学角度对中国非寿险业发展的路径依赖问题提供了理论解释,并提出了相应的政策建议。从长期、动态的观点来看,中国非寿险业发展要摆脱低效率的"闭锁"状态,应该由监管部门对发展中的利益进行协调,引入内部规则和外部规则,引导非寿险公司通过平等、有序、动态的市场博弈进入一种新的发展路径,从而实现对目前发展路径的替代。     

强夯置换在金矿采空区地基处理中的应用

强夯置换法是一种处理地基的有效方法,具有适应性广、效果好、造价低、工期短的特点。在长沙至重庆公路通道常吉高速公路k99+560-k99+800段采用强夯置换处治金矿采空区地基取得了良好的效果。文章从强夯置换的原理、施工参数的选定、施工工艺及方法、检测等方面,介绍了该方法在金矿采空区地基处理中的应用。     

Periodical Replacement Model for a Multi-Unit System Subject to Failure Rate Interaction

A periodical replacement model for a multi-unit system subject to failure rate interaction between units is presented. In a N-unit system, one is dominant unit and the others are secondary units. When a secondary unit fails, it increases the failure rate of the dominant unit by some amount, while the failure of dominant unit make the system into total failure. Without failure rate interaction, the failure rates of all units also increase with age. All single failures of secondary units are assumed to be corrected by minimal repairs. The system is replaced at age T, or on total failure, whichever occurs first. The aim of this paper is to derive the expected cost rate per unit time as a criterion of optimality and to seek the optimal period T ^* to minimize that cost rate.     

一种改进的重置成本法在旧机动车价格评价体系中的应用

旧机动车属于固定资产机器设备的一类产品,对旧机动车的评估也是以资产评估理论为基础,评估中重置成本法具有更多的优点和更广阔的适用范围,因此本文选择重置成本法作为旧机动车评估的理论依据.将原有的重置成本法公式进行改进,对成新率的综合调整系数采用了英国运筹学家赛特(T.L.Saaty)提出的层次分析法进行确定.文章详细介绍了这一种改进的重置成本法,并通过实例进行了实际应用.     

心脏瓣膜置换术围手术期护理

目的:通过对32例心脏瓣膜疾病患者实施机械瓣膜置换手术前后的护理。方法:回顾性分析了心脏瓣膜置换病人通过一系列的治疗和护理所达到的效果。结果:32例患者顺利治愈出院,平均住院19天,院外随访健康状况良好。结论:在护理工作中,加强术前健康宣教和术后呼吸、循环系统的监测及电解质和凝血酶原的监测,帮助患者平稳度过围术期,提高手术疗效。