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排序方式: 共有189条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
61.
Genetically Modified Crops, Corporate Pricing Strategies, and Farmers' Adoption: The Case of Bt Cotton in Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article analyzes adoption and impacts of Bt cotton in Argentina against the background of monopoly pricing. Based on survey data, it is shown that the technology significantly reduces insecticide applications and increases yields; however, these advantages are curbed by the high price charged for genetically modified seeds. Using the contingent valuation method, it is shown that farmers' average willingness to pay is less than half the actual technology price. A lower price would not only increase benefits for growers, but could also multiply company profits, thus, resulting in a Pareto improvement. Implications of the sub-optimal pricing strategy are discussed. 相似文献
62.
生物技术黄腐酸微肥的开发和应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了生物技术黄腐酸微肥的开发和应用,使用结果表明,该微肥具有补充作物所需的微量元素和提高作物抗旱能力的双重功能,是很有发展前途的新型肥料。 相似文献
63.
Melissa Whellams 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(1):5-15
This paper looks at some of the ethical concerns regarding a recent application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for approval of the sale of HIV tests over-the-counter (OTC) directly to consumers. The concept of at-home HIV testing is
not new, but OraSure Technologies Inc., a U.S. manufacturer of rapid HIV tests, is now seeking FDA approval to take at-home
testing one step further to enable consumers to test themselves and interpret the results without the assistance of an outside
party. This paper reviews some of the purported benefits and potential risks of at-home HIV testing, and looks at the way
one Canadian company is attempting to address the potential risks. In doing so, this paper brings to the fore concerns regarding
corporate involvement in the regulatory approval of biotech products. 相似文献
64.
This paper examines one nascent entrepreneurial endeavour intended by Canada’s Stem Cell Network to catalyze the commercialization
of stem cell research: the creation of a company called “Aggregate Therapeutics”. We argue that this initiative, in its current
configuration, is likely to result in a breach of public trust owing to three inter-related concerns: conflicts of interest;
corporate influence on the university research agenda; and the failure to provide some form of direct return for the public’s
substantial tax dollar investment. These concerns are common to many efforts to commercialize academic science but are rendered
particularly acute in this case given the therapeutic promise of stem cell research and the considerable number of resources
related to stem cell research in Canada, which Aggregate Therapeutics is expected to pool. We do, however, believe that the
company can be altered to guard against a violation of the public’s trust, and so we present concrete modifications to its
structure, which we contend should be given immediate consideration.
Matthew Herder is a candidate for the Master of the Science of Law (JSM) degree at Stanford University. Prior to undertaking
his studies at Stanford, Matthew completed LLM and LLB degrees at Dalhousie University, clerked at the Federal Court of Canada
and articled at McCarthy Tetrault LLP in Toronto, Ontario. Matthew is also a member of the Novel Tech Ethics research team
at Dalhousie University.
Jennifer Dyck Brian is a Ph.D. student in the Bioethics, Policy, and Law program at the Center for Biology & Society at Arizona
State University. Previously, Jennifer worked as research assistant at the Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes at
ASU, Wellesley College, and with the Novel Tech Ethics research team at Dalhousie University. Jennifer completed her undergraduate
degree at the University of Western Ontario. 相似文献
65.
Edward Mabaya Juliana Fulton Stella Simiyu-Wafukho Francis Nang'ayo 《Development Southern Africa》2015,32(5):577-591
The debate around genetically modified (GM) crops in Africa continues to grow especially among policy-makers, food manufacturers, farmer organisation and consumer advocacy groups and the general public. While other regions have taken a firm position on biotech crops, Africa remains largely ambivalent, with wide variation in GM policy across countries. The central objective of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence the adoption of GM crops in Africa. First we evaluate the current status of GM crop adoption in Africa. Second we identify the key enablers and hindrances to adoption of GM crops. The main factors include ministerial control of biosafety, peer country influence, stage of seed sector development, advocacy by key political figures, the media, activism, food security and technical capacity. We posit that, for most African countries, GM policy is guided by political rather than technological considerations with media and special interest groups playing a key role. Despite the numerous impediments, slow progress is being made in preparing the requisite enabling environment for biotechnology adoption in Africa. 相似文献
66.
67.
The present paper examines China's biotechnology industry from a global perspective and explores how its development trajectory differs from that of countries that are leaders in biotechnology. We draw on diverse data to demonstrate the unique development trajectory of the industry in China. China has benefited through targeted spin‐offs of R&D‐oriented foreign direct investment from developed countries driven by the effects of globalization, government‐encouraged collaboration between the domestic academia and industry, and the input of overseas returnees. Together with an increasing focus of the government and domestic enterprises on independent innovation, such developments have enabled China to catch up with the global biotechnology industry. However, its small scale and low capacity for commercializing innovations under China's current regulations and other barriers pose challenges for the development of the industry. Suggestions for the sustainable development of China's biotechnology industry are presented in this study. 相似文献
68.
Dan Kaufmann 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(7):853-870
We examine the causation and effectuation logics for implementing targeted biotechnology policies using two case studies: Singapore (causation) and Israel (effectuation). After more than a decade of implementing targeted biotechnology policies, both Singapore and Israel have failed to create fully fledged biotech clusters. Singapore has been unsuccessful in creating vibrant entrepreneurial activity that will support its transformation into a knowledge economy. Israel has failed to turn its 1000 small, dedicated biotechnology firms into a substantial engine of growth and employment. The paper questions how these two policy approaches influenced the targeting of the biotechnology sectors and identifies the limits of these approaches in supporting targeting. We conclude that a combination of the two logics is needed, especially when targeting complex sectors with a yet unknown development path. 相似文献
69.
This paper examines the association between interfirm cooperation and the innovation output of startup firms in the biotechnology industry. A reciprocal association is hypothesized. The results, however, show only that cooperation affects innovation. Several control variables are related to cooperation and innovation, especially the startup's position in the cooperative network. 相似文献
70.
We investigate the merger behavior of firms in the plant biotechnology sector using firm-level patent data for public and private firms in the 1980s and 1990s. Conditional logit estimation is used to estimate the probability that the firms will match in mergers and spinoffs. We calculate several patent portfolio-based measures of complementarity and spillovers between firms, and find that both are important to defining a good match of acquirer and target. However, complementarities provide the more robust explanation. The mergers and spinoffs observed in plant biotechnology may have been designed to overcome the anti-commons problem of mutually blocking technology, an extreme form of complementarity. Our results highlight the need to integrate patent and competition policy. 相似文献