城市环卫工人的作业安全保障问题研究

环境卫生是公共环境保护和社会可持续发展的重要内容。环卫工人是城市环境卫生事业的主力军，环卫工人的作业安全是指环卫工人在作业过程中其人身、生命、健康、财产及心理等获得保障和免受伤害的状态与能力。它是环卫工人应该享有的基本权利。中国城市环卫工人作业安全保障状况不容乐观。作业安全难以保障，极大地影响了环卫工人的工作积极性，不利于城市环境卫生事业的持续发展。面对现状，采取对策，有利于保护环卫工人的基本权益，更有利于城市化进程和社会和谐发展。     

效率与公平关系的物权法思考

在物权领域,浅层面的物权公平与物权效率并不矛盾.冲突存在于物权效率与高层面的社会公平之间,即物权效率自然发展导致起点不公平、机会不均等、结果不均衡.并且在这一交叉层面的"物权垄断"势能所产生的"马太效应"不可能熨平.通过物权社会化,让私人性物权效率提升为社会效率,则社会效率与社会公平能和谐一致.这种提升属政府管制时的限制,是在初次分配中重新界定权利,不是要素所有的分配,而且权利分配的财富调整功能优于再分配.     

投资项目中的实物期权及其相互作用

本文首先对投资项目中的实物期权行了分析；在此基础上，从定性和定量的角度研究了实物期权之间的相互作用，并分析了多个实物期权的可加性。     

配股融资股价效应的实证研究

随着我国股市的发展，上市公司的融资方式也不断创新，配股融资作为股权融资的一种方式逐渐成为上市公司再融资的首选。配股融资虽然具有许多优点，但是我国上市公司没有充分发挥配股融资的长处，为了“圈钱”而“圈钱”，并且资金配置效率低下，对股市的负面影响日渐突出。通过2000年实施配股的43家样本公司配股公告日股价的变动，对配股融资的股价效应进行实证分析，并提出相应的政策建议。     

激励制度创新与国有企业改革深化

深化国有企业改革既要建立对经理人员的激励机制,也需要建立对员工的激励机制。年薪制、股票期权制、管理层收购等激励制度已在我国国有企业改革中试行与实践,还应实施包括员工持股计划在内的股票期权计划和货币期权计划。     

实物期权定价模型在我国应用的障碍分析

实物期权评估方法是20世纪应环境变化的要求发展起来的新的项目评估方法之一。我国的项目评估研究和实践领域也高度关注该方法,以应对今天复杂多变的经济环境。但是,我国目前经济环境特征决定了国外模式在我国不能完全适应,我们在和世界接轨的时候,也必须做出改进。本文结合我国经济环境详细分析了实物期权两种定价模式中各个定价参数在获得过程中所面对的部分障碍,为今后期权评估方法在我国的应用提出部分建议。     

论我国农民集体土地所有权

我国农村集体土地所有权法律地位不明的一个根本原因是缺少对农村集体土地的物权制度设计,传统上对农村集体土地的公有制设计是从政治经济的意义出发的。在坚持集体土地公有制的前提下,认可集体土地所有权是民法上的私权利大有裨益,由此也有必要赋予每一个“农民集体”以法人地位,并精心设计该法人的治理结构,从而成为确保我国社会主义公有制得以实现的一种良好的方式。     

Evaluating Projects and Assessing Sustainable Development in Imperfect Economies

We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions.     

Teams, Firms and the Evolution of Profit Seeking Behavior

Even as advances in information theory over the last quarter century have cast increasing doubt on the proposition that firms successfully maximize profits, the objective of profit maximization continues to be an axiomatic feature of the neoclassical theory of the firm. This paper attempts to improve our understanding firms by treating the objective function as an open question. Specifically, an ontogenetic thought experiment is undertaken to address the question of what differentiates production teams from firms by asking why team members would sell their control rights to a principal, thereby transforming the team into a firm. What results is an account of the emergence of the objective of profit seeking. Profit seeking emerges endogenously as a more fit alternative than the objective of value maximization, which is less capable of coping with uncertainty through purposive adaptation.     

Trade and Renewable Resources in a Second Best World: An Overview

We provide an overview and introduction to the emerging field of trade and renewable resources, and discuss the potential impact of trade liberalization on welfare and resource conservation. A key factor determining the effect of trade reform is the institutional context or property rights regime, and our survey is organized such that it loosely follows the development of new insights with respect to institutions in this literature. This implies a transition from the benevolent planners model to the polar opposite benchmark of open access in the 1990s. Currently the pendulum is swinging back towards management and regulation, but institutions are treated as endogenous. We discuss and compare various key models in some detail and search for common ground between protagonists and antagonists of free trade. Paper based on Keynote address by Erwin Bulte, 12th Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Bilbao (Spain), June 28–30, 2003.