国家审计与国家监察服务腐败治理的路径探索——基于协同视角的思考

随着国家监察体制改革的全面推进,国家监督系统焕发新的生机。国家审计与国家监察作为国家监督系统的重要组成部分,理应充分发挥监督职能以保证国家可持续发展。从国家监察体制改革特点入手,基于受托经济责任观,全面分析国家审计及国家监察分别与腐败治理的相关关系,并以腐败治理为核心,从战略层面、管理层面和结果层面三个层面探求国家审计与国家监察的耦合路径,使两者通过有效耦合路径将监督协同效应发挥到极致,进而保证政府公共受托经济责任全面有效地履行。     

关于"经济发展促进休闲质量提升"一般认识的实证研究——以经济发达的广东省为例

本文以经济发达的广东省为例,对其居民休闲生活的以下方面进行了研究:居民对休闲的认识;居民对闲暇时间的利用,闲暇时间的活动参与;居民对当前休闲生活的评价;影响其休闲生活的障碍;居民对未来休闲生活的期望。研究采用问卷方式,调查广东省居民闲暇时间内的生活状况,发现尽管广东省是中国目前经济最发达的省份之一,但是居民的休闲生活并没有得到很好的改善,其质量并没有随着国民经济的发展而提升。居民对现时的休闲生活并不感到满意,并期望其休闲生活质量得到很大提高。     

旅游经济增长及其溢出效应的空间面板计量经济分析

文章首次基于空间面板计量经济学模型,在检验我国省域旅游经济增长是否存在空间依赖性的基础上,估计了资本和劳动对旅游经济增长的贡献,检验了旅游经济增长过程中的空间溢出效应。研究结果显示:2001~2009年间,中国省域旅游经济增长的空间依赖性和集群趋势加强,邻近省域的经济增长及旅游资本投入的空间溢出效应明显;资本和劳动的旅游产出弹性系数均为正,前者对旅游经济增长的贡献大于后者,我国省域尺度的旅游经济增长主要依赖于资本要素投入驱动,呈现出资本密集型特征,劳动力要素的贡献尚未充分发挥出来。政府在制定旅游产业政策和发展规划时,必须致力于加强邻近地区旅游资本和劳动投入的合作与交流,促进旅游经济增长中的资本空间溢出效应,改革旅游业国民收入初次分配及再次分配体制,激活邻近省域旅游劳动力投入与旅游经济增长的空间互动性,以便提高邻近地区及本地区劳动力对旅游经济增长的协同贡献。     

Gay tourism in a sun and beach destination

Gay tourism is seen as an attractive business opportunity for many destinations. However, there is a lack of research at identifying the resources necessary for success in this type of tourism. This work is aimed at filling this gap by using the premises of the resource based view and transfers them to the analysis of territories to identify the valuable resources that are required for a sun and beach destination to attract gay tourists. To this end, this study has focused on a gay tourism sub niche, tourists lodged in gay-exclusive resorts in Gran Canaria. In order to confirm the validity of this approach, the relationship between the satisfaction of gay tourists and the condition of the valuable resources was studied by means of a robust statistical new method, namely Bayesian model averaging. That method permits the inclusion of uncertainty in the theoretical models that determine destination competitiveness, thus reducing many of the problems that arise in the application of the more conventional statistical methods in this type of analysis.     

传统旅游城市经济系统脆弱性研究——以桂林市为例

文章将经济系统脆弱性理论引入旅游城市研究,以我国传统旅游城市桂林为例,构建旅游城市经济系统脆弱性指标体系,采用因子分析法确定权重,测度1999～2009年桂林经济系统的脆弱性。研究表明,旅游城市经济系统的脆弱性本质上是结构型脆弱性,产业多元化发展总体上能够降低旅游城市经济系统的脆弱性,但桂林产业多元化是围绕旅游业建立,旅游业的波动必然带来城市经济的震荡,表现出较高的脆弱性。根据研究结论,文章认为产业多元化并非旅游城市可持续发展的唯一途径,也非旅游城市发展的唯一诉求。如果城市发展能够更多地照顾社区利益,藏富于民,改善就业情况,减少劳动者负担,提高劳动者素质,也能够降低经济系统的脆弱性。     

Market knowledge of the travel industry from knowledge-based view: a case of two Taiwanese travel agencies

There has been a lack of comprehensive model elaborating the key dimensions of knowledge management in the tourism field. Based on market orientation literature, market knowledge could be illustrated from consumer and competitor dimensions. However, what knowledge topics are in these two dimensions (e.g. knowledge depth) or do any dimensions of market knowledge exist (e.g. knowledge breadth)? These questions can be clearly answered. Drawing on knowledge-based view of firms, this study explores market knowledge from four characteristics: depth, breadth, tacitness, and specificity. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature through a series of semi-structured interviews and behavioral observation with senior managers of Taiwan’s leading travel agencies. Four market knowledge categories emerge: customer knowledge, employee knowledge, competitor knowledge, and partner knowledge. It is suggested that high levels exist as to the importance of knowledge acquisition, classification, dissemination, and usage, and this represents a significant change over past findings.     

The impact of technical consultants on the quality of their clients' products: Evidence from the Bordeaux wine industry

Research summary : Recent research rooted in the resource‐based view of the firm suggests that resources are more likely to create value if they are effectively managed. An underlying assumption of the literature is that firms manage their resources on their own. However, many firms hire consultants to help them do so. In this study, I develop and test hypotheses regarding the impact of technical consultants on the quality of their clients' products. Using data from the Bordeaux wine industry, I find evidence that the use of technical consultants has a positive impact on relative product quality and a negative impact on the extremeness of relative product quality. Moreover, the positive impact of technical consultants on relative product quality is stronger at lower levels of relative resource quality. Managerial summary : Findings from a study in the Bordeaux wine industry indicate that the decision to hire consultants should depend on a firm's strategy. If a firm wants to improve its performance, it should hire consultants. Indeed, the “best practices” of technical consultants are generally more valuable than internally generated knowledge. If a firm wants to achieve outstanding performance, hiring consultants may not be the right decision. Because the “best practices” of technical consultants have more certain performance implications than internally generated knowledge, they decrease the likelihood of extremely low performance. However, their lack of uniqueness also decreases the likelihood of extremely high performance. Finally, the decision to hire consultants should depend on the quality of a firm's resources. Firms with low‐quality resources tend to benefit more from the “best practices” of technical consultants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Issues in measuring success in community-based Indigenous tourism: elites,kin groups,social capital,gender dynamics and income flows

Tourism development is a key feature of the neoliberal economic development model. Through a mix of state and private investment, Indigenous communities in Mexico are encouraged to transform local cultural and environmental resources into tourist consumption sites. The process results in a shift toward reliance on tourism, in place of farming, leaving households with few alternative earning strategies amidst fluctuating tourist arrivals and income, confounding the relationship between tourism and sustainability and questioning the utility of tourism as a sustainable tool for development. This article analyses a community-based Indigenous tourism project in a rural Maya village in Mexico's Yucatan, and discusses strategies employed at household level to navigate the arrival of tourism. Funding agencies assessed this project based on a triple bottom line metric that accounts for ecological health, financial sustainability, and its relationship to local social capital; however, these fail to account for differences between local and non-local conceptions of authenticity, indigeneity, and success. From a social perspective, the project has exacerbated existing tensions and has arguably widened the gap between the politically and economically powerful and less powerful, marginalized families in the community. Questions about policy, governance systems, and elite domination and kin group control are raised.     

西部大开发对西部地区碳排放演变的影响

西部大开发后西部地区经济增长加快、人民生活水平提高,但产业结构、技术水平以及生态环境质量却并未表现出同等程度的改善或提升。采用30个样本省份1995—2011年的面板数据,运用双重差分法进行分析,结果发现：西部大开发在促进西部地区经济增长以及地区经济趋同的同时,也使得西部地区的碳排放（尤其是人均碳排放）与其他地区相比增长更快,与此同时,西部地区与碳排放相关的因素和条件（如产业结构、技术水平、市场化程度等）未得到显著改善。在既有的资源禀赋、发展阶段、产业结构以及经济发展方式下,西部大开发初期着力于固定资产投资和资源、能源开发,忽视教育事业、市场化改革、技术创新等软环境建设,导致西部地区在经济增长的同时碳排放相对增加。因此,在今后的西部大开发规划中,应当着力于转变经济发展方式,加强软环境建设,重视人力资本积累和技术创新,提升市场化水平,才能在发展地区经济的同时实现节能减排。     

需求侧、供给侧视角下中国经济增长动力转换实证研究

为找出中国经济持续高速增长背后的驱动因素,了解增长动力的演变规律,本文基于投入产出模型,从最终需求的角度解析消费、投资和出口对经济拉动作用的动态变化;同时运用DEA方法,从要素供给角度分析中国各地区劳动、资本和TFP对经济增长的贡献,结合需求侧和供给侧的双重角度,探讨经济增长的动力转换特征和问题。结果表明,中国经济增长的需求动力来源由前期的消费转变为出口后,近年来又转变为投资,而资本要素一直是中国各省市增长的主要要素驱动力。中国的经济增长正处在投资主导阶段,经济快速增长的背后伴随着效率下降等问题。