基于图论的认知无线网络频谱动态分配

在认知无线电网络中，图论与量子遗传算法相结合的频谱分配策略能够提高频谱利用率，但存在早熟和收敛精度不够等缺点。为了解决该问题而实现算法的优化，对图着色理论的频谱分配模型进行数学建模，并针对该模型提出了改进的量子遗传算法。首先，通过使用小生境技术初始化种群，使种群分布更加广泛、算法的收敛度更高；其次，根据进化代数对量子旋转角进行实时动态调整，对染色体进行阈值变异，防止个体陷入早熟，跳出局部解；然后，对干扰约束条件进行重新设计，有效地避免盲目性，提高了网络的公平性和网络效益。仿真结果表明，所提算法有效地提高了频谱利用率，极大地增强了网络系统的性能。     

Motivations for entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality sector: A social cognitive theory perspective

A critical examination of the literature suggests that further work is needed to understand the relationship between small tourism and hospitality businesses and their external social-economic environments. In particular, the nature of personal and environmental factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship remains unknown. Focusing on one type of small business, guest houses, this study aims to examine entrepreneurs’ motivations from a dynamic perspective and explore the nature of personal and environmental factors affecting motivations for entrepreneurship. Taking a qualitative approach, four patterns of change in (or maintenance of) motivation are identified. Guided by social cognitive theory, this study finds that, among the relevant personal factors are cognitive beliefs, intrinsic needs, and demographic factors, while the environmental facilitators include changes in the tourism market, changes within the industry, and changes in setting/location. Finally, a model of small business operators’ motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality sector is proposed.     

成语谐音仿拟广告词理解的认知阐释

从认知语言学中的完形趋向理论和概念合成理论出发,重新审视成语谐音仿拟广告词。这一尝试性分析揭示了该类广告词理解的认知过程,扩展了这两个理论对语言现象的解释力,同时也为解释这类广告词广受青睐的深层原因提供了一种新的阐释空间,从而丰富了对这一语言现象的研究。     

认知邻近性对技术联盟创新绩效的影响

分析了技术联盟认知邻近性的内涵,对认知邻近性的3个维度(目标认知邻近性、竞合关系认知邻近性和投资认知邻近性)与技术联盟创新绩效的关系进行了理论分析。提出了相应的研究假设,并通过问卷调查收集数据,采用结构方程模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明:目标认知邻近性、竞合关系认知邻近性与技术联盟创新绩效之间存在正相关关系;投资认知邻近性与技术联盟创新绩效的正相关关系未通过检验。提出:联盟管理者需更加有效地引导联盟成员在共同利益方面达成一致,在资源共享过程中重视对隐性资源特别是知识产权的保护等。     

Constitutive explanations in neuroeconomics: principles and a case study on money

So far, the methodological debate about neuroeconomics rarely refers to original methodological positions in the neurosciences. I confront one of the most influential ones, the constitutive explanations or mechanism approach, with methodological claims that directly relate the economic model of choice with neuronal embodiments, represented by Glimcher’s influential work. Constitutive explanations are composite and non-reductionist, therefore allow for recognizing complex causal interactions between basal neuronal phenomena and cognitive structures, also involving external symbolic media. I demonstrate the power of this methodology in discussing the example of money, which Glimcher posits as one of the most important research tasks in further developing neuroeconomics. Whereas Glimcher justifies neuroscientific reductionism by presenting an evolutionary rationale for deploying formal economic models on particular modules enabling choice, the case of money reveals the need for mechanistic explanations that include a substantial role for cultural evolution, though recognizing causal interactions with basal neuronal mechanisms.     

城市居民慈善认知状况及应对策略分析——以辽宁省14市数据为例

居民慈善认知水平的高低反映一个国家的慈善发展水平。本文以辽宁省14个市的居民慈善认知现状调查为例,通过了解居民对慈善行为内容的认知、对慈善作用的认知状况,分析慈善认知对居民具体慈善行为的影响,进而有针对性提出提高居民慈善认知水平的对策建议。     

数字经济、个体能力与农民工工资差异——基于正规就业与非正规就业的多层模型分析

数字经济的技术偏向使其红利产生群体偏向,从而通过个体能力对劳动者工资收入的差异化影响形成并作用于群体的工资差异。从正规就业与非正规就业视角,采用2018和2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,以农民工为样本,运用多层线性模型分析发现：正规就业农民工比非正规就业农民工具有更高的人力资本及个体能力（认知和非认知能力）,加上劳动力市场存在分割及就业歧视,导致正规就业农民工的工资较高;认知和非认知能力的增强不仅能促进农民工工资增长,而且能强化数字经济的工资增长效应;数字经济发展对正规就业农民工具有更强的工资增长效应,进而会扩大正规就业与非正规就业农民工的工资差异,其中存在“数字经济发展—非认知能力差异扩大—工资差异扩大”的传导路径,但认知能力差异的中介效应不显著。Oaxaca-Blinder分解结果也显示,地区数字经济和个体能力差异都是两类农民工工资差异的来源。因此,在大力发展数字经济的同时,要更加关注数字红利边缘群体的发展,积极帮助非正规就业农民工等弱势群体提高认知能力和非认知能力,并加快构建全国统一的劳动力市场,不断弱化和消除就业歧视。     

Breaking the frame: an analysis of strategic cognition and decision making under uncertainty

This paper reports the findings of two experimental investigations into the efficacy of a causal cognitive mapping procedure as a means for overcoming cognitive biases arising from the framing of strategic decision problems. In Study 1, final year management studies undergraduate students were presented with an elaborated strategic decision scenario, under one of four experimental conditions: positively vs. negatively framed decision scenarios, with prechoice vs. postchoice mapping task orders (i.e., participants were required to engage in cognitive mapping before or after making a decision). As predicted, participants in the postchoice mapping conditions succumbed to the framing bias whereas those in the prechoice mapping conditions did not. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings in a field setting, on a sample of senior managers, using a decision scenario that closely mirrored a strategic dilemma currently facing their organization. Taken together, the findings of these studies indicate that the framing bias is likely to be an important factor in strategic decision making, and suggest that cognitive mapping provides an effective means of limiting the damage accruing from this bias. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基因、认知能力与家庭金融决策——基于文献的分析

基于文献分析发现,基因会影响认知能力,认知能力则从多方面影响家庭金融决策,家庭金融决策又在一定程度上影响经济繁荣。经济繁荣的方式不同,会给自然环境、社会环境带来不同影响,这又会影响基因转录从而影响基因质量。所以,由现代科学文献来看,基因这种人类生理特征与经济发展之间有着密切而重要的关系,其中,认知能力和家庭金融决策是重要的纽带。这不仅有助于加深经济学家对于人类偏好形成的理解,改善金融市场模型,还为经济学家从基因代际传递质量、认知能力水平、家庭金融决策水平、自然和社会环境状况视角预测经济增长、经济波动以及社会发展方向奠定了理论基础。     

认知网中感知时间和功率控制的联合优化机制

针对认知无线网中为了最大化认知用户的吞吐量问题,提出了一种感知时间和功率控制的联合优化机制。该机制保证认知系统在低于一定干扰限制下,将认知用户吞吐量描述成为一个多约束优化问题,从理论上分析了最优功率分配方案与最优感知时间分配方案。根据理论分析结果,设计了联合迭代机制通过确定合适的感知参数从而达到最大化认知用户吞吐量的目的。仿真结果表明：提出的联合优化机制复杂度较低,并且该方案的认知吞吐量性能最接近理论最优方案的性能。