论房地产价格规律理论及其功能原理

置业投资系数CIP=(0,4]也是房价收入比,某地房地产均价Hp等于该地CIP乘以该地人平工资Wa。由之证明房价可粗略评估为人平月入三倍,进而可将房价Hp分解成三个Hp/3的组成结构。随着科技生产力发展,土地产出率不断提高,GDP、房价都应增长。基于地球村为人类共有和科技生产力由人类创造,增长的GDP应由全民共享,故房价的Hp/3应用于补贴"三农"补偿土地出让以缩小工农城乡差距,另Hp/3应用于充实社保以缩小贫富差距,剩下的Hp/3作为房屋造价和开发商利润。可见,房价经分解成三个Hp/3后具有宏调功能,在(0,4]内的适度高房价乃土地产出率不断提高的反映,有利于缩小收入差距,在改善民生克服经济危机中推动GDP平稳增长。     

唐山220kV郭家屯数字式智能化变电站设计思想

本文主要叙述了什么样的变电站为数字化变电站,数字化变电站的优点;郭家屯数字式智能化变电站的组成结构及设计思想。     

Search for a theory of organized crimes

Casual empirical observations reveal no systematic relationship between the overall crime rate and organized criminal activity. We develop a search-theoretic framework to study the interactions not only between formal labor and crime sectors but also between individual and organized crimes. In equilibrium, individual and organized criminals face different arrest risks, success rates, reward structures and outside options. We characterize agents' “occupational choices,” the gang's hierarchical structure and the responses of unemployment, crime rates and crime composition to changes in labor-market conditions and crime-deterrence policies. We further assess the effectiveness of arrest versus punishment policies in deterring individual and organized crimes.     

Board composition in small enterprises

This paper reports the results of three empirical studies of boards of directors in small enterprises in Norway. Most studies of boards of directors are concerned with the situation in large corporations. This article provides insights into board attributes and board functions in small firms. The Studies reported found that board composition is an important factor in describing and analyzing directorates. They also found that the composition of the board of directors is a function of company size and ownership structure, and that board composition varies with industry. The studies found differences in the board's strategy involvement between industries.     

门窗工程造价组成分析研究

基于造价分析的视角探讨了组成门窗工程造价各部分的组成,即门窗工程造价由材料费(含合理的损耗、成品保护材料)、人工费、机械费以及运卸费、管理费、利润、及税金以及一定的风险费组成。材料费细化为组成门窗工程的主材及所有辅材、五金及紧固件。人工费细化包括制作人工、现场安装人工(含落手清人工),机械费细化包括制作机械费、现场安装机械费。     

CORRUPTION AND THE COMPOSITION OF TAX REVENUE IN MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICAN ECONOMIES1

Regression results from a panel of 53 Middle East and African economies suggest that corruption has a quite large negative and statistically significant impact on tax revenues, mainly reflecting the impact of corruption on tax collections from social security, and taxes on domestic goods and services and international trade transactions. Policy changes to boost tax revenues might usefully focus on changes in direct taxes and efforts to combat corruption in tax collections should focus on indirect taxes.     

Disentangling CEO compensation: A simultaneous examination of time,industry, and firm‐level effects

Despite decades of research, how CEO compensation is determined remains an enigma. Drawing on agency, managerial hegemony, and institutional theoretical perspectives, we use hierarchical linear modelling—a multilevel analytic technique—to examine how firm‐, industry‐, and time‐level effects drive CEO compensation in US corporations. Results show that while cash salary is mostly driven by firm‐specific factors, equity‐based compensation responds to time‐level effects with firm‐ and industry‐level effects playing a marginal role. We argue that such evidence is consistent with the institutionalization of the CEO compensation determination process through the widespread adoption of benchmark peer‐group comparisons. Such practices underlie economy‐wide changes in CEO compensation that are increasingly disconnected from other fundamental firm‐ or industry‐specific factors. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: Has It Brought About Changes in the Boards of Large U. S. Corporations?

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is considered by many to have made the most sweeping changes affecting corporate governance since the Securities and Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934. About 4 years after its passing, however, many governance experts question whether the time and expense of compliance engender any real reforms. This article examines whether corporations have restructured their boards in response to the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley and finds evidence that companies are implementing changes that should strengthen the monitoring ability of their boards.     

A note on the organic composition of capital and profit rates

It is widely believed that the rate of profit across industrialsectors, while not in fact uniform as stipulated in the theoryof prices of production, is independent of the sectoral organiccomposition of capital. It follows that the simple labour theoryof value must be systematically in error as a predictor of actualsectoral aggregate prices. We offer empirical evidence fromthe US economy (1987 input–output table) suggesting thatthis is not so: there is a substantial and statistically significantnegative association between organic composition and profitrate across sectors.     

浅析我国出口产品结构问题

在出口量增长和出口额增长的同时，我们都会关心出口额的增长是不是快于出口量的增长？令人遗憾的是，我国出口已经陷入了“贫困化”——出口额的增长率小于出口量的增长率。内涵式增长通过出口结构的不断调整和优化既可以保证传统出口优势产品继续出口创汇，又能促使新的出口增长点的出现，使出口以递增的速度增长，它有利于资源使用效率和出口经济效益的提高，有利于贸易条件的不断改善，最为重要的是通过高科技商品的出口比重的增加，可以提升该国家的竞争优势。