How Do Customers Alter Their Basket Composition When They Perceive the Retail Store to Be Crowded? An Empirical Study

Using data from a large-scale field study, we show that (perceptions of) crowding change(s) the composition of a consumer's shopping basket. Specifically, as shoppers experience more crowding, their shopping basket contains (a) relatively more affect-rich (“hedonic”) products, and (b) relatively more national brands. We offer a plausible dual-process explanation for this phenomenon: Crowding induced distraction limits cognitive capacity, increasing the relative impact of affective responses in purchase decisions. As we are the first to show that level of crowding relates to what shoppers buy (at both product and brand level), the implications of these effects for retailers are discussed.     

Modelling of combinable relationship-based composition service network and the theoretical proof of its scale-free characteristics

Existing works on service composition are primarily based on the requirements of service composition, such as describing language supporting service composition, service composition framework, mechanism and method for service composition, and service composition validation. Few works have been carried out from the perspective of combinable relationship among composite services and composition service network. This article emphasises on combinable relationship-based composition service network, i.e. CoRCS-Net. The principles for establishing and modelling CoRCS-Net were studied, and nine combinable relationships among services in CoRCS-Net were investigated and 14 elementary evolving operators for CoRCS-Net dynamic evolution were designed. According to the definition of scale-free network (SFN) and the investigations on its related research achievements, it is supposed that ‘CoRCS-Net is a scale-free network’ in this study. In order to prove the theoretical hypothesis, the concepts of combinable strength and variation of combinable strength were introduced, and combinable strength is used to describe the invoking times of a service being invoked for service composition. First we calculate the real time variation of combinable strength of an arbitrary service in CoRCS-Net, and then obtain the corresponding real time combinable strength and investigate its distribution for all services in CoRCS-Net. It is discovered that ‘like many nature and social phenomenon, CoRCS-Net is “scale-free”, and it is constructed by few “active services” and a great deal of “silent services”. In the process of service composition, the invoking times for majority services are very small, while only few services are invoked frequently, and the probability (or invoking times) for the services in a CoRCS-Net to be invoked for service composition decays as a power-law’.     

动态服务组合的研究

目前Web服务已成为公认的实现服务的主流技术选择,其中动态Web服务组合技术是面向服务的计算的核心技术,本文介绍了动态服务组合的三个主要流派,并分析了它们的优缺点。     

当代城市建筑表皮的艺术特征

通过对中外建筑表皮图案形式的归纳整理,提出了建筑表皮艺术构图历史演进的四个阶段,指出并分析了表皮图案化正在成为当代城市建筑表皮艺术的主流趋势;阐述了当代建筑表皮图案的形式逻辑———立面构图的数理逻辑和图案形式的构成逻辑;研究并拓展了当代建筑表皮图案。     

贸易对中国环境影响的结构效应和总效应——基于1992—2009年省际面板数据的分析

利用1992—2009年中国省际面板数据,对贸易影响环境的结构效应和总效应进行实证分析,考察贸易对中国环境产生的影响是来自贸易自身的结构因素,还是来自贸易所引起的其他经济因素变化。结果显示:除工业固体废弃物外,贸易的结构效应和总效应均提高了污染物的排放量;不同地区贸易—环境结构效应的比较分析结果显示,相对收入较低地区贸易对环境影响的结构效应亦较小,贸易—环境结构效应较大的地区相对收入均较高。     

The role of debt profile vulnerabilities in sovereign distress

Sovereign debt distress has raised difficult issues in terms of debt sustainability in the past, but it has been associated not only with medium-term debt dynamics, but also with various dimensions of the debt profile that have typically built vulnerabilities over time. Vulnerabilities associated with the public debt structure and liquidity may play an important role in derailing a stable debt trajectory and thus contribute to debt distress. Financial developments may also contribute to the building in sovereign debt vulnerabilities, as deterioration in financial stability indicators can affect the balance sheet of the national treasury. Based on the experience during 37 debt distress events in countries with market access between 1993 and 2010, this article identifies early warning indicators of sovereign debt distress and defines thresholds – for the whole sample and for different regions – at which these latter have been associated with distress in the past. This approach allows us to assess indicators on an individual basis, and to develop a composite indicator of debt vulnerabilities as well.     

纽约市与北京市自来水定价比较研究

制定合理的水价,是解决水资源不足、实现水资源可持续开发利用的重要措施。在对纽约市和北京市目前的水价构成及水平介绍的基础上,从水价承受能力、运行机制和管理体制等角度进行对比和优缺点分析。结果表明,目前两市的自来水定价与调节程序基本相同,不同之处体现在:纽约市将水费分为计量水费、设施水费和服务费用,对房屋正面宽度和涉水设备收取非计量水费,污水处理费比例相对较高,水价的相对水平基本可引起居民对用水的重视;北京市实行单一的计量式水费,水资源费、污水处理费比例较低,水价相对水平偏低,有较大的上升空间。     

我国石油供应链成本构成与管理问题研究

本文将我国石油供应链特点与希尔英供应链成本管理模型相结合,构建了我国石油供应链成本构成的三维模型,通过该模型对石油供应链成本及其成分进行分析,从而找出了成本管理中存在的问题,并提出加强成本管理的合理化建议.本文认为我国石油供应链的成本管理需要政府和企业的双方努力,并通过加强企业内部整合、提高作业成本管理效率、引进信息管理系统等方法有效管理成本.     

陕西省居民家庭消费支出的扩展线性模型(ELES)分析

消费需求是最终需求,消费拉动是最根本的拉动。积极研究陕西省消费需求的相关问题,增强其对经济增长的拉动作用,对于保持陕西省经济的持续稳定增长具有重要的意义。文章根据1999--2008年陕西省城乡居民消费结构的数据,利用扩展线性支出系统模型（ELES）分析法,对陕西省城乡居民消费结构的现状及变动趋势进行了分析,在此基础上,对扩大陕西省居民消费需求、优化居民消费结构提出了建议。     

由边际技术替代率递减规律分析马克思的资本有机构成理论

资本有机构成概念是马克思分析资本积累历史趋势的理论创新。但其关于资本不同部分变动规律的论述更多地表现为一种规范意义的价值判断,而欠缺必要的相关因素实证分析。撇开制度属性不谈,边际主义的边际技术替代率递减规律与马克思的资本有机构成理论有着相同的逻辑起点和分析轨迹,都着眼于长期经济过程中两种要素的变化趋势与利润最大化关系的研究。我们将二者结合,引入西方经济学等成本线等分析工具,对马克思的资本有机构成理论作尝试性的分析,旨在寻求对马克思资本积累理论更全面、更深刻的认识。