Community views of ecotourism

Ecotourism can be an incentive for conservation, especially when it triggers positive economic change. Yet it introduces many changes to communities:positive and negative, social and economic. The full range of change is seldom evaluated in direct relation to conservation at the local level. In this study of three Amazon ecotourism projects, local leaders discussed changes from ecotourism in their communities. Economic benefits were mentioned, but so were new restrictions on time, decreased reciprocity, and social conflict. Other changes included heightened self-esteem and greater community organization. Such shifts should be considered in relation to conservation as they affect the stability of local institutions and the prospects for long-term collective action for resource management.     

上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法

通过实例介绍了一种指标简化的方法--因子简并法,并介绍了简并因子权重的确定及性质.对规模较大和指标数量较多的问题而言,即便经过因子分析之后,数据量仍然非常大,不利于进一步的处理和分析,而通过因子简并之后可以有效地降低数据处理和分析的工作量.     

How Public Relations Functions to Help Achieving Organizational Goals——Alzheimer＇s Assays Campaign Case Study

One purpose that public relations serves is to help organizations to achieve their objectives. The development of this understanding can be regarded as a four-stage process： research, planning, programming, and evaluation. These four steps are essential to any effective public relations campaign and they are actually not four independent functions. Each step overlaps the others, and if any one is neglected, the entire process might be affected. Alzheimer＇s Assays campaign illustrates a complete public relations project because it experiences all the four stages. Herein Alzheimer＇s Assays campaign is studied as an example to demonstrate how public relations functions to help achieving organizational goals.     

外汇市场进一步发展外部评估体系初步建立

该文首先回顾了2007年银行间外汇市场的改革和建设情况，认为银行间外汇市场已经初步具备价格发现、风险管理和资源配置的功能，市场化程度进一步提高；并指出外部市场评价具有信息传递和市场激励的功能，认为开展银行间外汇市场的评优活动对于促进外汇市场发展有积极的作用。     

对项目绩效预算的思考

绩效预算是以结果为导向、以绩效评价为基础的预算制度,也是绩效管理的一个重要内容;绩效预算可以分为申报绩效预算、实施绩效评价和应用绩效信息三个实施阶段,但基于项目层面的绩效预算的实施存在着缺陷和需要改进的地方,这些不足之处也是项目绩效预算发展的方向。     

模糊综合评价在企业战略定位中的应用研究

根据企业经营战略SWOT矩阵分析原理设计了一套用于企业经营战略选择和评价体系，并利用模糊综合评价模型给出企业经营战略评价的方法。     

我国西部省会城市可持续发展比较研究

以西部11座省会城市作为研究对象,对其可持续发展状况从资源、环境、科技、经济、社会五个子系统进行了评价和比较,并按综合评价值排序进行了分类研究,据此提出了相应的对策。     

浅谈计算机在物资管理工作中的应用

文章认为物资管理是企业管理中的一个重要内容,物资管理水平的高低直接影响着整个企业的成本,物资管理涉及的信息量庞大,采用计算机技术是提高物资管理水平的有效途径。     

山东省鸟类资源评价及保护建议

讨论了山东省鸟类资源的种类组成、生态类型及地理分布,评价了鸟类资源的特点,指出了资源利用中存在的问题并提出了相应的保护建议。     

Additionality of public R&D grants in a transition economy

This paper examines the input and output additionality of public R&D subsidies in Western and Eastern Germany. We estimate the impact of public R&D grants on firms’ R&D and innovation input. Based on the results of this first step we compare the impact of publicly funded private R&D on innovation output with the output effect of R&D funded out of firms’ own pockets. We employ microeconometric evaluation methods using firm‐level data derived from the Mannheim Innovation Panel. Our results point towards a large degree of additionality in public R&D grants with regard to innovation input measured as R&D expenditures and innovation expenditures, as well as with regard to innovation output measured by patent applications. Input additionality has been more pronounced in Eastern Germany during the transition period than in Western Germany. However, R&D productivity is still larger for the established Western German innovation system than for Eastern Germany. Hence, a regional redistribution of public R&D subsidies might improve the overall innovation output of the German economy.