Macroeconomic policy cooperation and the G20

Has the G20 achieved its goals in macroeconomic cooperation since 2008? The paper organises the G20's efforts under five themes: macroeconomic stimulus, fiscal consolidation, monetary policy, the global financial safety net and global imbalances. The G20 was initially successful in each of these areas, but this success was short‐lived. While the G20 met its goals on macroeconomic stimulus, it has been less successful in reducing deficits and debt. While it was successful in increasing its resources, the global financial safety net remains too small, too fragmented and institutional reform is incomplete. While the G20 succeeded in moving to more market‐determined exchange rates and avoiding competitive devaluations, it struggled to avoid negative spillovers. Despite years of effort, the G20 has made limited progress in reducing global imbalances. Current account imbalances are creeping back to pre‐crisis levels. Public debt remains high and most economies are moving in the wrong direction in correcting imbalances in household savings and debt. The paper concludes that the G20 has done better in some areas than others. But to suggest the G20 is a forum in decline ignores its shift from reactive crisis response to longer‐term structural challenges outside of the pressing need of an immediate crisis.     

企业集团合并纳税：比较及启示

我国的合并纳税制度目前只针对特批企业,这不利于企业集团之间公平竞争。对企业集团合并纳税范围及不同国家合并纳税模式的比较与分析表明:我国应进一步完善所得税法等法律法规,保证税收公平,积极建设我国的"集团纳税制度"。     

基于占补平衡政策的土地整治项目成本分析及发展趋势——以陕北榆林地区为例

从国家占补平衡政策变化入手,以陕北榆林地区土地开发项目为例,通过近年来土地整治项目设计标准,人工、材料费用及当地市场环境变化等几方面,分析影响土地整治项目施工成本的因素,得到土地整治项目成本呈增加趋势,且主要因素为：①平整度、林网等设计标准的提高;②柴油、钢材等主材价格的浮动;③税率的调整;④项目本身、社会条件及环境的影响。并在此基础上,简要分析了土地整治项目发展趋势。     

重庆市土地整理项目过程后评价

通过借鉴一般性投资项目的后评价方法及内容,在分析重庆市的区域特性和进行区域划分的基础上,选取不同区域的项目作为研究对象,对典型研究项目进行过程后评价,以展现重庆市在土地整理实施过程中的成果与问题,为后续土地整理项目借鉴和参照。研究表明:项目的规划设计工作还有待加强,施工监管工作还有待进一步改善提高等。     

Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: Applying land consolidation

Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of land ownership fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable land fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable land management systems. The consolidation of land ownerships may be an effective and active land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of land fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania.     

影响山西省农村居民点整理的现实因素分析

研究目的:通过农村居民点整理的影响因素分析,探索山西省农村居民点整理的可行性。研究方法:理论分析与实证分析相结合。研究结果:(1)从房屋的结构和利用来看,山西省农村居民点整理的潜力为6.2%—8.0%;(2)从当前农村人口迁移的角度看,农村居民点整理的潜力很大,全省总体水平应该在20%以上;(3)从农村人口迁移前后农村居民点条件差异的角度,土地整理后增加耕地、建设用地数量要打折扣;(4)整村搬迁和拆旧平空是农村居民点整理的两种方式,适合不同情况;(5)农村居民点整理需要政府在资金方面给予大力支持;(6)向小项目倾斜、向基层倾斜是分散、小型的农村居民点整理的管理模式。研究结论:山西省农村居民点整理有巨大潜力,应该优先从耕地整理潜力大的几个盆地开展,优先实施拆旧平空的旧村改造。     

谈储备土地的前期开发整理工作

土地整治与开发等一系列前期开发工作,是执行土地年度供应计划,有计划地将储备的土地重新投入市场的前提,是土地储备交易部门的重要工作,更是进一步提高土地价值和出让收益、实现＂净地＂招拍挂出让土地、减少不必要矛盾至关重要的环节。因此,必须严格遵守土地前期开发整理的程序和原则,并做好前期开发整理的资金筹措。     

Examining the relationship between municipal consolidation and cost reduction: an instrumental variable approach

This study explores the cost-reduction effects of local government consolidation, using data from Japanese municipalities. We use municipal panel data from Japan for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, a data set including numerous consolidation cases. Reverse causality between consolidation decisions and size of municipal expenditure is a concern in the voluntary consolidation of local governments. An instrumental variable (IV) methodology is employed to deal with possible endogeneity associated with consolidation decisions. The main finding is that municipal current expenditure per capita increases immediately after consolidation, but then gradually declines. Because consolidation seems to increase per capita expenditure in the absence of the effect of this long-term declining trend, incorporating this trend into estimation is crucial in cost-efficiency analysis of consolidation. It is also shown that conventional panel data regressions yield biased consolidation effects, suggesting the superiority of the IV approach.     

Stories,Fables, Parables,and Myths: Greece and the Euro Crisis,Toward a New Narrative

The debt crisis in the Eurozone has generated an intense academic debate about the appropriate policy response to the crisis. At the same time, the general public hears a variety of stories about the crisis, and especially stories about the debt crisis in Greece. This paper deals with the economic significance of stories, in particular with the importance of the Greek "morality tale." Stories are powerful in influencing public psychology, and they can affect the economy through fluctuations in confidence and "animal spirits." The paper considers the development of the Greek story through a web of related stories, fables, parables, and myths. It argues that the story dramatically distorts the reality of the debt crisis in the Eurozone and poses a threat to the global economy through its adverse effects on confidence and "animal spirits." It concludes that Europe needs not only a new policy direction, but also a new narrative about the debt crisis.     

Banking Consolidation in Nigeria, 2000–2010

The Nigerian banking consolidation process is examined using a dynamic panel for the period 2000–2010. The Arellano and Bond (1991 Arellano , M. , & Bond , S. ( 1991 ). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations . The Review of Economic Studies , 58 , 277 – 297 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) dynamic general method of moment approach is adopted to estimate a cost function taking into account the possible endogeneity of the covariates. The main finding is that the Nigerian banking sector has benefited from the consolidation process, and specifically that foreign ownership, mergers and acquisitions, and bank size decrease costs. Directions for future research are also discussed.