金融管制理论和方法的演进

管制经济学通常包括经济性管制、社会性管制和反托拉斯管制三大部分。其中经济性管制研究的是自然垄断领域和存在严重信息不对称领域,后者典型的表现形式如金融业。一般的管制经济学因金融业内容丰富,需要独立的研究而较少涉及。而多数金融业管制研究侧重于监管的层面。文章从管制思想的演进、管制理论对金融业的实证研究、金融业管制经济分析和金融管制方法最新进展四个方面对金融管制经济理论进行分析和评述。     

Firm-level political risk and implied cost of equity capital

I find a strong positive association between firms' implied cost of equity capital and firm-level political risk. This effect is above and beyond the firm-level cost of equity implications of economywide political risk. Firm-level political risk contributes to elevating stock illiquidity, increases dispersion of analyst forecasts and dampens analyst coverage and these attributes, in turn, have positive cost of equity capital implications. Overall, the findings of this study suggest firm-level political risk has a non-trivial effect on increasing equity market illiquidity, increasing dispersion of earnings forecasts and decreasing analyst coverage thus increasing financing costs.     

基于中国股市微观结构的流动性与执行成本分析

运用市场微观结构理论来分析中国股市的交易制度、流动性和执行成本后发现:(1)在佣金和交易税相等的条件下,B股的知情交易者执行成本普遍大于A股,导致B股的流动性小于A股,买卖价差显著大于A股,表明投资者对B股交易要求较高的风险报酬;(2)一旦控制住执行成本中普通交易者对知情交易者所要求的风险补偿,A、B股买卖价差的区别就消失了。因此,证券管理部门应在B股市场引入做市商制度并在微观结构理论的指导下,加强交易监管系统,从而提高B股的流动性并降低其执行成本。     

Governance structures in R&D networks: An analysis in the European context

This paper analyses governance structures used to organize partnerships in R&D networks using two approaches: transaction costs theory and social capital theory. We argue that these theories are complementary; this explains forms of governance through the degrees of administrative (structural and safeguard mechanism) and social factors (cohesion and openness) they embody. Data was obtained from European R&D networks created through Framework Programmes which include a great number of universities, non profit institutions and firms. Findings show the variables that characterize and explain the governance forms based on the applicability of R&D networks. This study not only provides a theoretical model for analysing governance structures of these networks, but is also useful for both improving the management of networks and for fostering collaboration at an international level.     

陕西省南郑县户用沼气池经济效益分析

本文通过对陕西省南郑县产用沼气泡成本、收益和经济效益的分析评价，希冀以效益促进户用沼气池的推广。通过投入要土的企敏度分析，指出户用沼气池推广的关键因土，并提出对策性建议。     

我国农业上市公司非农化经营倒“U”型趋势研究

通过对40家农业上市公司主营业务资料数据的梳理,笔者首次提出了我国农业上市公司非农化经营呈倒"U"型趋势的观点,即非农化程度逐渐扩大到一定时期后开始降低并归核化。同时建立了国家与农业上市公司之间的3阶段博弈模型,对倒"U"型趋势进行理论解释。     

Evaluating drug cost per responder and number needed to treat associated with lixisenatide on top of glargine when compared to rapid-acting insulin intensification regimens on top of glargine,in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK,Italy, and Spain

Objectives: This study investigated the cost per responder and number needed to treat (NNT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients for lixisenatide compared to insulin intensification regimens using composite endpoints in the UK, Italy, and Spain.

Methods: Efficacy and safety outcomes were obtained from GetGoal Duo-2, a 26-week phase 3 trial comparing lixisenatide vs insulin glulisine (IG) once daily (QD) and three times daily (TID). Response at week 26 was extrapolated to 52 weeks, assuming a maintained treatment effect, based on long-term evidence in other T2DM populations. Responders were defined using composite end-points, based on an HbA1c threshold and/or no weight gain and/or no hypoglycemia. The HbA1c threshold was varied in sensitivity analyses. Annual treatment costs were estimated in euros (1 GBP?=?1.26 EUR), including drug acquisition and resource use costs. Cost per responder was computed by dividing annual treatment costs per patient by the proportion of responders.

Results: Lixisenatide was associated with the lowest cost per responder for all composite end-points that included a weight-related component. For the main composite end-point of HbA1c ≤7.5% AND no weight gain AND no symptomatic hypoglycemia, cost per responder results were: UK: 6,867€, 8,746€, and 12,410€; Italy: 7,057€, 9,160€, and 12,844€; Spain: 8,370€, 11,365€, and 17,038€, for lixisenatide, IG QD, and TID, respectively. The NNT analysis showed that, for every 6.85 and 5.86 patients treated with lixisenatide, there was approximately one additional responder compared to IG QD and TID, respectively.

Limitations: A limitation of the clinical inputs is the lack of 52-week trial data from GetGoal Duo-2, which led to the assumption of a maintained treatment effect from week 26 to 52.

Conclusions: This analysis suggests lixisenatide is an efficient economic resource allocation in the UK, Italy, and Spain.     

我国区域经济波动的关联性分析

依据所进行的有关计量分析,在研究我国经济总量波动的区域特征以及区域经济波动的关联性问题时,不难得出如下几个方面的基本结论：区域间经济波动的内在关联性增强,但同步性却是减弱的;20世纪90年代前后国内中西部地区与东部地区经济波动的先行地位有着明显的轮替变化;与此同时,全国和各区域经济波动的周期长度延长,波动强度显著下降,且周期扩张动力显著增强。此外,各区域经济波动形态呈同化趋势,区域间周期扩张动力差异的扩大趋势也十分明显。     

民营经济发展中的深层阻滞因素辨析

民营经济的快速发展已经像其成为中国经济增长的重要引擎。但从运行层面看,民营经济仍然面对各种体制与非体制、人为和非人为的制约因素。目前民营企业普遍反映影响其可能持续发展的主要因素集中在政府政策、融资及资金、人才、创新与技术进步以及管理问题等方面。     

The Role of Water in Manufacturing

Water's role in manufacturing technologies has received limited attention. A KLEM model of the sector's technology is extended to include two facets of water use: intake and recirculation. Three annual cross-sectional surveys on plant-level water use are pooled and combined with census data to estimate this extended model for the Canadian manufacturing sector over the period 1981–1991. While Canada's water allocation regulations influence private water withdrawals, statistical tests support representing water intake as a variable input. Water intake is found to be a substitute for water recirculation, energy, labour and capital. The relationship between water intake and recirculation is stronger when water intake is process-related rather than related to cooling and steam production. Technological change has been biased in the direction of increased water intake and decreased water recirculation.