合理选择固定资产折旧方法的思考

固定资产在一个企业中占很大的比重,相对的,固定资产的折旧问题就显得比较重要了。本文主要介绍固定资产的折旧方法,并对其进行比较,指出各种折旧方法的优缺点,对企业合理得选择固定资产的折旧方法应考虑的因素进行探讨。     

Spatial and temporal impacts on building depreciation

This article explores the relationship between new housing and the existing housing stock in terms of an urban market value hierarchy, considering the importance of the concept of depreciation, as influenced by three factors: the age, location and quality of the building. Based on a sample from the Almond area of Madrid City Centre, the research considers many variables and applies an adapted appraisal approach termed differential depreciation to analyse the evidence of real estate values and the influence of spatial and temporal location factors. The study of the role of depreciation in the value of housing used in this research provides researchers with objective criteria on the functioning of the urban land market. This shows that the relationship between depreciation and the need for renovation is not linear, but instead follows identifiable patterns linked to the era of construction rather than solely the age of the building.     

老话题,新提议——关于固定资产折旧的深度思考

以会计实务中折旧费用的归属和信息输出为切入点,对中外会计机构、会计学者有关折旧的概念、实质、计提方法和信息披露等研究成果进行了比较研究。通过比较揭示了现有研究成果的不足,明确提出了折旧计提的减速方法,从理论与实践的结合上创造性地提出了把折旧费用从目前“制造费用”项目中分离出来的设想,通过设置“折旧费用”这一独立的成本项目提供决策有用的会计信息,并据此提出政策建议,以期影响相关政策的制订。     

试论资产减值准备问题及改进意见

2000年12月29日,财政部正式颁布了《企业会计制度》,这项新制度对资产的定义作了调整,并将资产减值由四项扩展到八项,规范了资产减值准备的计提。该项改革措施提高了企业会计信息质量,同时进一步贯彻了“谨慎性”原则。但在资产减值处理中仍存在诸多问题,如:缺乏相关资料,存货的可变现净值难以确定等。因此,我国应借鉴国际会计准则有关资产减值的内容,及时制定我国的资产减值准则。     

Playing for keeps: local government distortion of depreciation accruals in response to high-stakes public policy-making

Use of discretionary accounting accruals has long been recognized as a vehicle for earnings management in the private sector. More recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that public officials may similarly manipulate discretionary accruals in order to achieve ‘balanced’ operating results. This paper extends the previous literature on the manipulation of depreciation accruals to the realm of high-stakes public policy-making.     

Impacts of macroeconomic policies on the Mexican output

This paper examines the potential effects of macroeconomic policies, stock market performance, exchange rate fluctuations, and other related variables on real GDP in Mexico. Extending the works by Arango and Nadiri (1981) and Bahmani‐Oskooee and Ng (2002), and applying comparative‐static analysis, possible effects of a change in the exchange rate or government debt on the equilibrium output are examined. All the variables have unit roots and are stationary in first difference. There is a long‐run stable relationship between real GDP and the right‐hand‐side variables. The GARCH(p,q) (Engle 2001) model is applied to estimate regression parameters. Real GDP is positively associated with real M2, government deficit spending, stock prices, U.S. output, and world oil prices, and negatively affected by the government debt ratio, peso depreciation, and the expected inflation rate. Therefore, fiscal policy to incur more debt needs to be pursued with caution, and both net exports and money demand need to be considered in studying the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on output.     

浅析固定资产减值准备与累计折旧的关系

文章从固定资产减值准备和折旧的概念入手,阐述了它们的联系和区别,并分析了固定资产计提减值准备后的折旧核算方法。在实务中我们往往对定资产减值与折旧两者之间的差别认识不清,主要是由于两者之间存在许多共同之处。它们都不同程度地体现了"谨慎"的原则,包括正确计算损益、减少风险损失、合理确定成本补偿尺度等,正是这些相似之处,让我们日常难以区别。     

浅谈固定资产加速折旧法的应用

随着市场经济发展不断加快,企业财务管理也在不断的变化之中。本文主要讨论企业在运行过程中对市场竞争力不断加深,其在使用加速折旧法计提固定资产折旧对企业会计信息、企业所得税的影响进行了分析,并阐述了对固定资产进行加速折旧的重要意义。     

加速折旧企业所得税政策与实体企业金融化——基于2014年固定资产加速折旧政策的准自然实验

本文选择2011-2017年我国沪深上市实体企业的样本数据,以2014年固定资产加速折旧所得税政策的出台为准自然实验,采用双重差分法实证检验了固定资产加速折旧政策对实体企业金融化行为的影响。研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策出台带来的所得税抵税收益在提升实体企业固定资产和无形资产等实业投资的同时,会提升实体企业金融化水平。进一步研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策的出台仅对现金流较贫乏、非国有企业、成长性较高以及规模较小的实体企业的金融化水平具有显著促进作用。研究结论不仅能够丰富企业金融化的理论研究,还有助于税务监管部门进一步调整优化固定资产加速折旧政策及相关配套税收政策,以便更好地防范、化解脱实向虚风险,促进实体企业高质量发展。     

行政事业单位固定资产计提折旧的思考

行政事业单位固定资产不计提折旧存在：固定资产的账面价值与实际价值不符;无法正确反映行政事业单位的实际运行成本;不利于行政事业单位对固定资产的管理;不能科学合理地对固定资产进行更新等弊端。行政事业单位应根据固定资产的性质和使用方式,合理确定固定资产的使用寿命和预计净残值,做好固定资产的会计处理。