水环境污染损害赔偿研究总结与方法设计

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,水环境污染问题日益严重,随之而来的环境污染损害赔偿纠纷和公益性诉讼不断增多。因此,急需进一步完善与之相适应的损害赔偿方法。基于对水环境污染损害赔偿研究的系统总结,从制度和方法两方面概括水环境污染损害赔偿的研究现状,分析在该研究领域存在的问题。在此基础上,基于水环境污染损害过程,设计一套应对水环境污染损害的赔偿实施方案,包括水环境污染损害风险预防、水环境污染事件发现与定位、水环境主要污染物识别、水环境污染损失分析与计算、水环境污染善后赔偿与处罚。最后,针对不同水环境污染损害类型,提出具有普适性的水环境污染损害赔偿计算方法,以期为我国水环境污染损坏赔偿公益性诉讼和法律评判工作提供参考和借鉴。     

A study of farmer’s decision and incentive scheme to reduce highland maize farming in Thailand

During the past 15 years, there has been a considerable increase in highland maize farming in Nan, a province in northern Thailand. The increase in farming area causes an excessive forest encroachment and environmental problems, e.g. soil degradation, landslide, and pesticide contamination. This research explores the mechanism and factors which drive a sustainable transformation from highland maize farming to reforestation. We survey 107 farmers in Nammeed and Sopsai watersheds in where the reverses of growing trend of deforestation in Thailand have been observed. Comparative statistical analysis and regression are used to analyse factors affecting farmer’s decisions and compare differences between the two sites. We find that the fundamental mechanism driving a sustainable transformation from highland maize farming to reforestation comprises 3 pillars. These are 1) realization of adequate economic, health or environmental benefits derived from the alternatives; 2) a sense of belonging and attachment towards the forest and 3) effective enforcements of communal rules and regulations. While natural transformation in Nammeed area highlights the roles of flatland as key driver of the change, subsidy schemes can supplement the transformation during transitional period as seen in Sopsai area.     

Regulation of relationships between heterogeneous farmers and an aquifer accounting for lag effects

Many environmental problems are due to damage caused by pollutants that accumulate with a time lag following their emission. In this study, we focus on nitrates used in agriculture, which can pollute groundwater many years after their initial application. A dynamic optimal control problem with heterogeneous farmers is proposed. The usual structural parameters such as the discount rate, the natural clearing rate and the lagged time interval between the occurrence of soil‐level pollution and the impact on groundwater are taken into account. We also examine pollution as caused by a continuous set of farms characterised by their individual performance index and by their individual marginal contribution to the pollution. The issue is further investigated by taking account of change in the information context, successively related to perfect information and to asymmetric information. As a result, when the delay between the spreading of N‐fertilizer and the impact on the aquifer increases, that is, the longer the lag, the steady‐state pollution stock and the steady‐state shadow price of the stock both increase. Moreover, we show that the optimal regulation may require a decreasing amount of fertilizer over time, even in the case of initial underpollution.     

服装设计在外贸企业中的应用

越来越多的服装外贸企业承认经营与发展面临着一定的困难.他们已经意识到OEM(OEM:Orginal Equipment Manufacture 原设备生产型企业)这条路越来越难走了.商品采购成本增加、行业利润率走低、人民币升值、配额不足、贸易摩擦、行业竞争激烈、客户要求不断提高、人员流失都是企业经营过程中面临的困境,其中行业利润率走低是所有困难中比例最高的一项.外贸企业的核心竞争力就是体现在综合服务上,而设计研发服务则是体现综合服务水平,提高产品附加值,进而提高企业竞争力的重要环节.通过建立产品开发部门,开发设计职能、强化设计研发工作来提高企业的核心竞争力,这是企业加速发展的必要措施和有效途径.本文根据外贸服装企业的特点结合本人近年来服务外贸企业的设计工作实践,提出了具体的设计管理模式,研发工作流程以及设计项目的管理方法,回答了外贸服装企业如何建立适合自身产品开发的团队,强化设计管理等问题.     

基于信息不对称的物流金融风险缓释探讨

风险是目前物流金融的关键问题。文章以增强物流金融的实用性为出发点,采用三维立体图分析得出了信息不对称下物流金融的九大风险。针对这些风险,文章进行了基于物联网的可视化设计,并提出了相应的风险管理方法,为信息不对称下物流金融风险的缓释提供了建议与意见。     

机制设计理论对完善我国国有资本营运机制的启示

机制设计理论作为现代经济学研究的重要主题,主要包括激励相容、显示原理、实施理论等内容。在完善我国国有资本营运机制过程中,机制设计理论对我国建立有效的国有资本营运体系、加强国有资本营运制度建设等方面有重要的借鉴意义。     

垃圾渗滤液回用工程工艺设计

南方某城市垃圾填埋场为解决垃圾渗滤液污染环境和生产杂用水短缺问题,建设了垃圾渗滤液回用工程。该工程处理工艺采用物化 SBR 反渗透技术,出水水质达到了生产杂用的水质要求,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。介绍了工程的工艺流程、设计参数及设计特点。     

统筹城乡试验区的目标取向与三维设计

统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的设立关系到城乡统筹和区域经济协调发展的重大战略问题.是统筹城乡发展,并最终实现区域协调发展的重要举措,符合我国城乡关系的演进,表现出特殊的系统性规律。为实现城乡统筹和区域经济协调发展的目标,统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区应在经济建设、社会发展和政府管理体制三个领域内进行系统性改革。     

道路勘测设计教学改革与实践

在分析目前高等院校道路勘测设计课程教学中存在问题的基础上,系统提出了该门课程在教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、实践环节、考核方式等方面的改革方案,并付诸实践。     

浅谈预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥设计与施工

文章介绍了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的设计理念与施工工艺,并结合实践经验阐述预应力混凝土连续箱梁设计与施工相结合的重要性。