先进制造模式下创新在提高生产效率中的作用分析——以某船厂为例

中国从世界制造大国发展成为世界制造强国必须实行先进制造模式。而在造船领域,总装化造船则是一种先进制造模式。本文以新增长理论为基础,从新制度经济学的角度论述了专业化分工协作的造船体制等制度创新因素对提高造船效率的影响;建立某船厂造船量增长模型,并分析了造船模式创新、技术创新、人力资本创新等因素在造船量增长中的贡献率。测算表明,作为一种先进制造模式,造船模式的创新对生产效率的提高起到了非常重要的作用。     

后危机阶段中国经济发展的途径和模式

从对本次金融危机认识与传导路径研究总结归纳入手,着重分析了美国金融危机对中国国民经济增长带来的影响。以金融、贸易及利率等宏观经济变化为背景,以2006～2009年的月度数据为研究样本,实证检验了中国在这次金融危机中受到的冲击。结果表明,中美股票市场之间相互影响相互引致的关系,且以美国股市影响为主;美国进口需求对中国出口具有显著的影响;人民币汇率变化与美元估值变化关系不明显,并就实证结果提供了相关政策建议。     

The impact of German-speaking online media on tourist arrivals in popular tourist destinations for Europeans

This empirical study analyzes the relationship between the sentiments in online media with regard to travel destinations and corresponding tourist arrivals. We expect the media reports on political and economic instability and turmoil to enhance tourist arrival nowcasts and forecasts, as they can probably complement them with information on disruptions and shocks. Therefore, we believe this research will help to build better models for tourism demand nowcasting and forecasting. We use the sentiment in the German-speaking online media because the German-speaking region is the most populated in Europe and has the largest group of travelers visiting destinations in and around Europe.

An artificial neural network is used to analyze the mood of the media. The software classifies news items regarding potential tourist destinations with either positive or negative labels. The number of positive and negative news items is used to build sentiment indices for popular tourist destinations for Europeans.

Our results show strong correlations between the mood concerning tourist destinations and tourist arrivals in these countries. Indeed, disruptions and shocks prevalent in the news are reflected in similar ratios in both tourist arrivals and sentiment indices. These results can be used as a new explanatory variable for tourism demand modelling.     

Giffen goods and market making

Summary. This paper shows that information effects per se are not responsible for the Giffen goods anomaly affecting traders demands in multi asset noisy, rational expectations equilibrium markets. The role that information plays in traders strategies also matters. In a market with risk averse, uninformed traders, informed agents have a dual trading motive: speculation and market making. The former entails using prices to assess the effect of error terms; the latter requires employing them to disentangle noise traders demands within aggregate orders. In a correlated environment this complicates the signal extraction problem and may generate upward sloping demand curves. Assuming (i) that competitive, risk neutral market makers price the assets or that (ii) uninformed traders risk tolerance coefficient grows unboundedly, removes the market making component from informed traders demands rendering them well behaved in prices.Received: 30 April 2002, Revised: 3 December 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: G100, G120, G140.Support from the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA and the Ente per gli Studi Monetari e Finanziari Luigi Einaudi, are gratefully acknowledged. I thank Anat Admati, Jordi Caballé, Giacinta Cestone, and Xavier Vives for useful suggestions. The comments provided by the Associate Editor and an anonymous referee greatly improved the papers exposition.     

大港水电站可编程控制器调速器故障分析及处理

文章介绍大港水电站#2调速器运行中存在的故障及处理,避免今后运行中同类故障再次发生。     

基于GARCH族模型对中国股市波动的分析与预测

运用GARCH类模型对沪深300指数序列的波动性、收益率进行了实证研究,并且对序列做了拟合与预测,获得了不错的效果。除此,还证实了中国股市存在着显著的非对称效应。     

The long breadth of cities: revisiting worldwide urbanization patterns, 1950–2030

ABSTRACT

A comparative analysis of population dynamics worldwide contributes to profile distinctive demographic and economic trajectories of urban growth, discriminating processes of settlement concentration or dispersion under sequential cycles of urbanization. However, a wide-ranging characterization of urban cycles based on demographic dynamics worldwide is still missing. The present work is aimed at filling such a gap analysing long-term changes (1950–2030) in annual population growth rate of 1691 urban agglomerations with more than 300,000 inhabitants in 74 world countries. Results of this study indicate that metropolitan growth worldwide was associated with largely variable rates of population growth, highly positive before 2000 and progressively reducing over recent decades. Despite important differences at continental (and country) scale, demographic expansion of urban agglomerations showed two contrasting phases with a break point in the 1980s denoting a progressive reduction in spatial heterogeneity of population growth rates and a moderate slowdown in demographic dynamics. Intensity of urban expansion and spatial heterogeneity in population growth rates across metropolitan agglomerations evidences a trade-off between fast and slow demographic dynamics. These findings can be better understood to support theories of sequential city growth, making a suitable contribution to policy making, especially in countries where urban population is expanding more rapidly.     

股票网络平台中的噪音会影响股价同步性吗

股价同步性是衡量资本市场信息效率的重要指标。股价同步性的影响机制一直以来都是金融研究的热点问题。本文使用文本分析的方法,通过机器学习度量了东方财富股吧中股民发帖评论中的非理性噪音,检验了股票网络平台中的噪音与股价同步性之间的关系。研究发现：第一,股票网络平台中的噪音会促使投资者做出非理性的投资决策,进而降低股价变动的同步性。噪音评论占全部评论的比例越高,上市公司的股价同步性越低,而且两者之间呈现倒U型的非线性关系。第二,公司个股新闻与公告数量的增加、分析师关注度的提高与外部审计质量的提升,均可以减弱股票网络平台中的噪音对股价同步性的影响。本文关注网络新媒体中的噪音对股价同步性的影响,研究结论对于监管部门加强网络信息监测以及上市公司进一步完善信息披露渠道具有现实意义。     

基于判别分析的内部控制重大缺陷预测研究

公司破产风险、财务舞弊事件通常与内部控制重大缺陷存在密切关系,研究内部控制重大缺陷判别方式具有重要意义和价值。本文以深交所2007—2008年138家内部控制重大缺陷公司与138家非重大缺陷公司为样本,采用逐步判别分析法构建内部控制重大缺陷判别模型,帮助监管方、外部投资者等更好地预测内部控制重大缺陷。研究表明,相比非重大缺陷公司,内部控制重大缺陷公司上市年限较长、规模较小、外部审计师变更更加频繁,盈利能力和成长性较差,但流动性、营运能力指标的检验结果是混合性的。交互验证结果表明,模型预测准确率达到70%以上。     

财务分析在企业发展中的重要作用

财务分析是以财务报告及其相关资料为主要依据,对企业的财务状况和经营成果进行评价和剖析,反映企业在运营过程中的利弊得失、发展趋势,从而为改进企业财务管理工作和优化经济决策提供重要的财务信息。财务分析是分析企业经济发展的有效手段,通过对企业投资收益能力、企业资金周转情况等的分析,可了解企业的发展状况和普遍存在的问题,为企业长期稳固发展提供重要依据。