我国农村土地制度改革中的公平与效率问题探析

当前农地制度改革面临错综复杂的问题,土地产权不清,使用权缺乏保障,农民对土地的均田与稳定要求的矛盾等,其中都体现了公平和效率的问题。所以要明确界定土地产权,给予农民平等的、稳定的、长期的土地使用权,区别对待土地承包期内使用权的继承问题,才能促进土地生产效率的进一步提高和土地使用权的合理流转,有效地处理好公平与效率的关系。     

风险分类对保险市场效率的影响分析

本文将社会福利作为衡量保险市场效率的标准,分析保险人的风险分类行为是否有助于信息不对称保险市场效率的提高.本文首先证明了信息不对称保险市场存在市场失灵,然后比较了实施风险分类前后社会福利的差异.结论表明:当保险市场处于R-S均衡时,准确性较高的分类能使社会福利得到改进,准确性不高的分类不能使社会福利得到改进;当保险市场...     

南通市资源节约型产业体系的构建与发展对策

我国资源支撑粗放型经济增长已经难以承受,建立节约型社会迫在眉睫。如何构建资源节约型的产业体系是建设节约型社会的重要内容。文章设计了资源节约型产业体系的分析框架,是一个具备资源利用现状分析层→资源利用效率分析层→应用层的三层分析流程。从重点行业和典型企业两个角度对南通市分别采用聚类分析和问卷调查的方法分析其产业的资源利用状况和效率,发现其产业结构陈旧、加工层次低,仍以高耗能、高污染排放的行业为主,但其资源减量和提高效益的空间较大。最后提出根据资源利用效率和污染排放确定的产业调整重点,把握调整力度,加快资源节约技术的推广和应用,建立资源型战略联盟。     

Voluntary Cost-Sharing for Environmental Risk Reduction: A Pollution Abatement Case Study

This paper develops the notion of voluntary cost-sharing as a paradigm for ameliorating pollution: polluters and sufferers can choose to share the costs of pollution abatement and participate together in reducing pollution. If both polluters and sufferers each care about the state of the environment but have limited resources, the issue is one of optimality: a better level of environmental quality could be achieved if polluters and sufferers in a locale share costs of abatement. An example—nitrogen pollution due to fertilizer for food—is used to demonstrate that a preferred outcome can be obtained with cost sharing among polluters and consumers as compared to a “Polluter Pays” outcome. Input taxes and ambient subsidies or taxes are also relevant policy tools with cost-sharing.     

物流与物流法制环境的关系研究

物流作为商品流通的基础,不仅把商品从生产地转移到了消费地,而且也把生产者与消费者连接到了一起。物流效率的高低不仅关系到作为生产者的企业的效益,而且也与每一个国民的日常生活息息相关。从物流与物流法制环境的关系看,物流活动的存在及发展状况本身是物流法制产生的基础,而法律是实现高效、安全物流的主要手段之一,物流法制环境影响着物流的效率与安全。     

中国创新型产业集群创新效率研究

创新型产业集群是培育新型产业、推动区域创新的重要载体。运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,对我国109个创新型产业集群创新效率进行分析。研究结果表明：我国创新型产业集群整体综合效率较低,仅十分之一的集群综合效率为DEA运行有效;各省区间创新型产业集群创新效率存在较明显的区域差异,总体呈现“东高西低”的分布态势;对于DEA无效的创新型产业集群,企业总数、创新服务机构数、上缴税费对创新效率影响较为显著。建议从调节资源配置比例、构建资源共享机制、优化创新服务模式等方面采取措施提高我国创新型产业集群的创新效率。     

Accounting for size in efficiency comparisons of airports

This paper adopts the metafrontier model to analyze and compare the technical efficiency of small and large UK airports. The interesting feature of the model is that it takes into account the technological differences in the estimation of efficiency, and thus increases the accuracy in the efficiency comparison between heterogeneous airports. Results show that large airports are generally more technically efficient and have less operational wastage than small airports. Along with size, factors such as location, technological access, and capital investments could contribute to the efficiency difference between small and large airports.     

基于两阶段DEA模型的上市公司债权融资效率研究——以战略性新兴产业新能源汽车为例

运用两阶段关联网络DEA模型,对我国新能源汽车产业上市公司的债权融资效率及各子阶段对应效率进行了测算。研究结果表明:新能源汽车产业上市公司债权融资效率水平偏低,而债权筹资效率相对低下是其主要原因;随着时间推移,大部分新能源汽车产业上市公司两阶段效率逐渐趋向双重高效。     

Microstructures,financial reforms and informational efficiency in an emerging market

This paper investigates the effects of microstructures and financial reforms on time-varying informational efficiency in an emerging equity market setting. Our data comprises of firm level data from the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange, over the period 1990–2013. Using a dynamic panel regression framework while controlling for firm size, we find that microstructures, specifically liquidity, volatility, automation and the number of shareholders have an important role in influencing the time-varying efficiency of this emerging market. The financial reforms, namely liberalisation and regulation are not found to have a notable influence. We also consider heterogeneity at the firm level, finding that the microstructures of the banking firms listed in this market have a greater impact on market efficiency, in relation to the other listed firms.     

Production Efficiency of Jasmine Rice Producers in Northern and North‐eastern Thailand

The paper jointly evaluates the determinants of switching to Jasmine rice and its productivity while allowing for production inefficiency at the level of individual producers. Model diagnostics reveal that serious selection bias exists, justifying use of a sample selection framework in stochastic frontier models. Results from the probit variety selection equation reveal that gross return (mainly powered by significantly higher Jasmine rice price), access to irrigation and education are the important determinants of choosing Jasmine rice. Results from the stochastic production frontier reveal that land, irrigation and fertilisers are the significant determinants of Jasmine rice productivity. Significantly lower productivity in Phitsanulok and Tung Gula Rong Hai provinces demonstrate the influence of biophysical and environmental factors on productivity performance. The mean level of technical efficiency is estimated at 0.63 suggesting that 59% [(100 ? 63)/63] of the productivity is lost due to technical inefficiency. Policy implications include measures to keep Jasmine rice price high, increase access to irrigation and fertiliser availability, as well as investment in education targeted to farm households which will synergistically increase adoption of Jasmine rice as well as farm productivity.