大学技术创业组织结构分析

大学技术创业职能作为大学职能的一部分,其实施过程具有高度资源整合要求,强调从技术生产到技术市场化的规范操作流程,具备网络化、流程化及管理协同特征。在此基础上,提出建立大学技术创业整体组织和核心组织设计,整体组织是在传统组织结构基础上通过引入适合技术创业要求的管理规则而形成的组织嵌入形式;核心组织是以技术转移中心为主导,为完善技术创业职能而设置的直线职能型组织。     

Some Comments on Embeddedness, Knowledge Transfer, Industry Clusters and Global Competitiveness

This paper develops a dynamic theoretical framework for global competitiveness, which describes the relationships among organizations in an industry cluster. The spiral for knowledge transfer, culture variables and embeddedness influence knowledge transfer. Embeddedness and knowledge transfer are the key determinants of industry clusters that lead to global competitiveness. Industry clusters are characterized by external economies, generalized reciprocity and flexible specialization.     

我国产业集群的外生性、嵌入性与内生性缺陷

根据发达国家产业集群的发展实践及相关嵌入性研究发现,集群的内生性嵌入是外生性嵌入的基础与竞争优势的源泉,外生性嵌入是保持与扩大竞争优势的方式与手段。我国在利用FDI过程中形成的大量外生性产业集群,正是由于缺乏内生性嵌入而难以形成本地企业的竞争优势,从而陷入“OEM锁定”而难以自拔。     

Entrepreneurial resource acquisition via personal networks: an empirical study of German start-ups

This paper presents a resource-based theoretical model for an extended version of the network success hypothesis. It derives four main hypotheses for the relationships between resources obtained from personal networks of the founders and a new venture's success. The model takes into account a broad range of control variables. In the empirical study, based on a sample of 123 German entrepreneurs, we do not find much support for our hypotheses. We conclude that, quite in contrast to most existing theories, network links have close to no impact on getting cheap or exclusive resources.     

Knowledge embeddedness and the transfer mechanisms in multinational corporations

This paper reports a qualitative study conducted at four Japanese subsidiaries in China and Vietnam about their process of international knowledge transfer. Building on the literatures concerning the diverse types and characteristics of knowledge in multinational corporations (MNCs), we explore the broad mechanisms adopted and locally generated by the host country subsidiaries for transferring the foreign knowledge and putting the locally embedded knowledge into practical use at the local settings. The findings indicated (1) the limitations of applying a standardized and universal set of knowledge transfer mechanisms without considering local idiosyncrasies and (2) the contributions of local agents and institutions throughout the process of local knowledge adaptation and development.     

"嵌入性"城市定位论——中式后都市主义的建构

认为"嵌入性"城市定位的核心就是让城市"回归自然","重塑"城市的自然文化属性;这个"重塑"不是强行"改造自然",而是对自然的感恩与回报,是在新的社会条件下,让城市根植于自然,并给予自然以"善"的报答。     

Know-how transfer: the role of social,economic/competitive,and firm boundary factors

Using policy capture methodology, this study examines the effect of different contextual cues upon the know-how transfer efforts reported by 79 biotechnology R&D scientists. Theoretically, these different cues are believed to affect the scientists' expectation of reciprocity, and thus their know-how transfer behavior. Three types of contextual cues between the know-how source and recipient were studied: competitiveness, social relationship, and within or across firm boundaries. We find these cues are associated, in the expected directions, with know-how transfer effort. The findings support a general theory of reciprocity whereby social, competitive, and firm boundary cues have a summative effect upon the expectation of reciprocity and know-how transfer. This is the first study to examine how these cues taken together influence the know-how transfer decision. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

网络嵌人性对小微企业动态能力的驱动效应研究

在交易成本理论的视角下,遴选湖北省科技创新型小微企业为样本,实证研究网络嵌入性与小微企业动态能力之间的关系。引入环境动荡性和环境包容性为调节变量,揭示在不同环境动荡程度和环境包容程度下,小微企业的网络嵌入性对其动态能力的不同影响。实证结果表明:无论是结构维度还是关系维度,网络嵌入性与动态能力都存在着正相关关系,环境动荡性和环境包容性负向调节网络嵌入性与动态能力的关系。     

对地方政府吸引台商投资政策的新探讨——从企业集群角度分析

吸引外商投资作为解决资金瓶颈的一种有效手段,正被各地政府视作一项重要任务。作为现代企业进行投资生产最重要的特征就是企业集群,但在实际工作中,以政府主导的吸引外资行为却很少受到企业集群理论的指导,因而产生招不到“商”或即使招到“商”也留不住的现象。对于台资企业,这一现象尤为明显。根据企业集群根植性的理论对台资企业群现存问题进行深入分析,对地方政府吸引台商投资的行为提出积极的政策建议。