新兴高技术企业发展的网络根植性研究

新兴高技术企业的发展取决于其对资源的获取和利用,取决于其与外部网络间的互动联系。新兴高技术企业在获得网络支持的同时,其发展也同时受到网络的约束。以网络根植性理论和资源依赖观点为基础,构建了新兴高技术企业发展的系统进化模型,对其发展的动态过程进行了研究。     

Network embeddedness,headquarters entrepreneurial orientation,and MNE international performance

The aim of this paper is to examine the role played by external and internal network embeddedness in the headquarters entrepreneurial orientation of multinational enterprises (MNEs), and the role of the latter in MNE performance. Drawing on responses from CEOs in a sample of 143 European MNEs, our study offers evidence for the antecedent role of network embeddedness on headquarters entrepreneurial orientation on the one hand, and for the positive impact of headquarters entrepreneurial orientation on international performance on the other. Our findings contribute to the network view of MNEs in the international business and international entrepreneurship literature by disentangling the complex phenomenon of entrepreneurship in MNEs, partly explained by its multiple embeddedness in external and internal networks, and by studying its impact on international performance.     

社会嵌入视角下的能力构建研究

在分析社会网络中不同企业的能力差异后,本文提出了以梯度转移为形式的能力构建模式。社会嵌入机制可以通过强化企业间的网络联结来提供支撑,其中结构嵌入是基于网络特性来拓展联结广度,关系嵌入则基于企业行为来增强联结深度,两者的融合会进一步促进企业的跨组织边界知识互动,以维持能力梯度转移的持续和稳定。     

The strategic impetus for social network ties: reconstituting broken ceo friendship ties

Research on organization–environment relations has focused primarily on formal linkages between organizations such as board interlock ties as a strategy for managing resource dependence. This study examines whether top corporate executives may maintain more informal ties to executives of other firms in order to manage uncertainty arising from resource dependence. Our point of departure is prior research on boards of directors that has examined whether so‐called ‘broken board ties’ (i.e., ties that are disrupted due to executive turnover) tend to be reconstituted, and whether resource dependence explains the likelihood of reconstitution. These studies have generally provided little evidence that corporate board ties are used to manage resource dependence. We draw from theory and research on social embeddedness and friendship to suggest that, as a strategy for managing dependence, the maintenance of friendship ties between top executives provides benefits that are comparable to the supposed benefits of board cooptation, while imposing fewer constraints on the organization. Our theory leads to the contention that, despite limited prior evidence that resource dependence determines the formation of formal board ties, corporate leaders may nevertheless reconstitute informal (i.e., friendship) ties to leaders of other firms that have the power to constrain their firms' access to needed resources when those ties have been disrupted (e.g., due to turnover of the CEO's friend). We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset that includes survey data from U.S. corporate leaders collected at two points in time, thus permitting an assessment of whether top executives reconstitute broken social ties to leaders of other firms, and whether various sources of resource dependence predict the likelihood of reconstitution. We discuss implications for strategic perspectives on inter‐organizational relations and the sociological literature on embeddedness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论“共主体”营销话语的建构与践行——关于现代营销近视症的矫治研究

本文针对当前营销理论和实践存在的"外形化"问题,梳理了莱维特提出营销近视症后的营销理论发展进路,得出该近视症并没有得到根治而且有新变异的论断和具有主体中心论特征与弊端的现代营销近视症;认为要根治该近视症,首先应克服"现代营销者研究现代营销"以及由此产生的"营销研究的近视症"局限,以营销研究者的身份、在跨学科和方法论高度与层面去寻求突破性思路和方法。基于这种认识,本文萃取和应用"后现代性"、"主体间性"与"网络嵌入性"等多学科话语作为矫治这种营销近视症的创新方法,重构了具有"消解对立、善待他者、与他者网络化互嵌共生"意蕴的共主体营销新话语,并论述了践行这种营销新话语的方式、机理和愿景。     

基于跨国公司嵌入的开发区产业集聚模式研究

我国国家级开发区的经济是一种独特的集聚经济,即基于跨国公司嵌入的产业集聚经济。本文在对我国开发区的产业集聚进行了深入分析的基础上,提出了基于跨国公司嵌入的三种产业集聚模式。这三种产业集聚模式将块状经济与链状经济有机融合在一起,因而具有较强的竞争优势和强大的生命力,是在经济全球化条件下工业园区发展和我国新型工业化道路的有效路径之一。     

工作投入、工作卷入与工作嵌入的研究综述

员工作为企业最大利润的创造者,其工作状态直接影响着企业的发展。工作投入、工作卷入和工作嵌入作为反映员工工作状态重要表现的概念,已经进入了组织行为学的研究视野。大量研究集中在对三者概念、内容和效果的探讨,但还没有对三者区别和联系的专门研究。文章在对工作投入、工作卷入和工作嵌入的概念、内容和效果进行综述的基础上,对现阶段区别和联系的研究进行总结,并指出未来研究的开拓方向。     

The Organizational Embeddedness of Social Capital: A Comparative Case Study of Two Voluntary Organizations

Social capital is a popular, but contested concept. It draws attention to the way in which social relations and constructed forms of social organization can produce outcomes on individual and collective levels. However, it is often founded on individualistic, rational-choice models of human behavior that neglect its embeddedness. I explore the embeddedness of social capital through a comparative case study of two voluntary sport organizations in the UK. Through close analysis of in-depth interviews and longitudinal observation, I look at the processes of social capital development and the way socio-organizational context and identity shape these processes.     

文化嵌入、网络行为与集群企业创新台皂力的关联机制研究——理论分析框架与命题

经济行为嵌入在社会关系中,主体的行动是受背后的动机和意愿支配的。本文在进行相关文献回顾的基础上,从区域文化产生来源出发,归纳提炼了区域文化的内吝维度,并基于资源依赖理论,从文化嵌入的内容和程度两个方面,提出了文化嵌入作用于集群企业创新能力的一个系统分析框架,即嵌入于不同内容和程度区域文化的集群企业,其网络建构、网络维系和网络学习行为具有重大差异,进而使自身对网络资源的获取和利用水平上存在着差异,并最终导致企业的创新能力水平截然不同。在此基础上,形成了一系列有待未来实证检验的文化嵌入作用机制的命题。     

Internationalisation of Japanese professional business service firms

This paper explores the internationalisation of Japanese professional business service (PBS) firms. The UK was chosen as the geographical area of study due to the large number of Japanese foreign direct investments over the last 20 years. A comparative study of Japanese and Western service providers was conducted in the UK in spring 2002 to ascertain if there are any significant differences in their ways of doing business with Japanese clients. The preliminary results show that Japanese firms tend to be very small in the UK in terms of both size and market share. They seem also to be tightly connected with Japanese businesses operating in the UK.