建设可规则性调控总量和结构性碳排放交易体系--中国探索与深圳实践

为低成本实现节能减排目标，中国启动了七省市碳排放交易试点工作。可规则性调控配额和结构性交易机制，是适应于中国现阶段国情的碳排放交易模式。深圳借鉴欧美等成熟碳排放交易体系经验，立足于深圳实际，大胆进行理论和方法创新，以遏制需求和控制增长为出发点，建立了“四种类型，三个板块”的可规则性调控总量和结构减排的区域型碳排放交易体系，有益于建设符合中国国情的碳排放交易体系。     

Evaluating,Comparing, Monitoring,and Improving Representativeness of Survey Response Through R‐Indicators and Partial R‐Indicators

Non‐response is a common source of error in many surveys. Because surveys often are costly instruments, quality‐cost trade‐offs play a continuing role in the design and analysis of surveys. The advances of telephone, computers, and Internet all had and still have considerable impact on the design of surveys. Recently, a strong focus on methods for survey data collection monitoring and tailoring has emerged as a new paradigm to efficiently reduce non‐response error. Paradata and adaptive survey designs are key words in these new developments. Prerequisites to evaluating, comparing, monitoring, and improving quality of survey response are a conceptual framework for representative survey response, indicators to measure deviations thereof, and indicators to identify subpopulations that need increased effort. In this paper, we present an overview of representativeness indicators or R‐indicators that are fit for these purposes. We give several examples and provide guidelines for their use in practice.     

关于吸油烟机的国家标准和IEC标准中一些错误和修订建议

本文指出了现有吸油烟机国家标准和IEC标准中的一些错误和不足之处，并提出了修订建议，可以使吸油烟机检测更符合实际，提高检测精度，提高工作效率。这些改进措施在沈阳“国家日用金属制品质量监督检验中心”经过试验，证明是切实有效的，但如要采纳为标准内容，应作进一步研究。     

How Big is the Crowding-Out Effect of User Fees in the Rural Areas of Ethiopia? Implications for Equity and Resources Mobilization

Using a nested multinomial logit model, this study investigates the demand “reduction” and “diversion” effects of user fees in rural areas of Ethiopia. The results reveal that an increase in user fees of public clinics, which are the most widely used alternative, can have a significant demand reduction effect on the poorest of the poor. This implies that despite cost recovery has been advocated as an alternative means of health care financing in most of the developing world, increasing user fees may drive the poorest segment of the population out of the health care market unless some protective measures are taken.     

Technical efficiency and CO2 abatement policies in the Dutch glasshouse industry

This paper develops a short-run microeconomic simulation model of the Dutch glasshouse industry in order to investigate the relation between technical efficiency and marginal abatement costs of CO₂ emission. The model is also used to determine the effects of an emission tax and systems of tradable and non-tradable quota for groups of firms with different rates of technical efficiency. The results show that marginal abatement costs are very responsive to changes in technical efficiency. Furthermore, it is found that firms with a low technical efficiency are faced with a higher profit reduction under different abatement policies than firms with a high technical efficiency.     

城市扶贫政策的消极性缺陷及其改进途径

认为"积极福利"的核心理念是无责任即无权利,其具体的实施维度可以丰富和重构为四个方面,即保障生活、提升资本、增加权利和增强动力,其中资本包括人力资本和社会资本.从"积极福利"的角度看,我国现行城市扶贫政策存在较为明显的消极性,即侧重于从外部对贫困者进行基本生活救助,而相对忽视了挖掘和激发贫困者自身的潜能,这不利于搞好城市扶贫工作和构建和谐社会,应营建更加积极的城市扶贫政策.     

汽车节能和排放环保的现状与发展趋势

文章介绍了由于计算机精确控制的、采用多气阀、高压直喷、稀薄燃烧等新技术的汽车发动机正在普及,现代电子控制装置在发动机上已全面应用,由此带来了油耗降低、排放污染下降显著的效果,并指出新型清洁能源车辆逐步走向实用,其相应的社会配套设施将形成一系列大有可为的全新行业。     

Debt rescheduling and the choice between bonds and loans for LDCs' foreign debt

This paper examines less developed country (LDC) borrowers' choice of financing methods. I devleop and test the hypothesis that ex-ante consideration of rescheduling affects LDC borrowers' choice between bonds and commercial loans. Banks can monitor and distinguish between permanent and temporary shocks, while bondholders cannot. Therefore, debt rescheduling based on the nature of economic shocks is feasible with loan financing. Our empirical findings indicate the debt rescheduling is considered exante in LDC lending. In addition, default risk and contract size affect the choice of financing instruments.     

Equal opportunity and poverty reduction: How should aid be allocated?

This paper analyzes a model of aid allocation equalizing the opportunity between recipient countries to reach a common poverty reduction goal. We propose a fair and efficient aid allocation based on a multicriteria principle. The model considers structural handicaps in recipient countries in terms of lack of human capital and economic vulnerability, their initial poverty, and the natural gap between the growth rate required to reach a development goal and the observed one. We show that our proposed aid allocation favors poor and vulnerable countries with our multicriteria principle. It substantially differs from the observed allocation. Analyses also shed light on the impact of the donors' aversion to the low natural growth gap in recipient countries on the optimal aid allocation and the marginal efficiency of aid.     

滇西北地区耕地利用存在的问题及对策

滇西北地区山高坡陡，区位特殊，耕地总量少，坡耕地多，陡坡种植面积大，农业生态环境脆弱。随着滇西北地区保护与发展行动计划在该区域实施，必须加大投入力度，加快基本农田建设步伐，彻底改善农业生产条件，提高耕地单位面积产量。同时要加快退耕还林还草，改善区域生态环境。