我国国有林区就业弹性实证分析

就业与经济增长是当代社会重要的经济问题,也是关系到每一社会成员切身利益的话题。通过分析我国天然林资源保护工程实施后国有林区经济增长与就业结构的变动趋势,利用回归分析等统计方法对国有林区经济增长与就业结构变化进行相关性测量,提出促进国有林区的经济增长与劳动就业政策建议。     

以促进农民增收为核心 多渠道转移农民就业

促进农民增收是我国当前农村工作的中心。我国人多地少的国情决定要提高农民收入,必须转移农民就业;现阶段工资性收入对农民增收贡献越来越大的现实,说明转移就业是农民增收的有效途径。但目前我国农民转移就业面临着农民素质低,乡镇企业、农村第三产业发展缓慢,城镇化水平低,社会管理缺位、组织化程度低等诸多困难。为此,下一步雅动农民转移就业,不仅要加强农村教育和劳动力就业培训,搞好农民转移就业的管理和服务;同时要大力发展乡镇企业和农村第三产业,加快城镇化建设进程。     

基于货币量值分析的就业决定与中国的经验——加快农村剩余劳动力转移的战略选择

基于货币量值的两部门模型表明,就业增长率由名义GDP增长率、工资比重、工资率及其变化率所决定。中国改革30年的经验也证实,名义GDP的高速增长是我国就业总量稳定增长、农村剩余劳动力快速转移的基本保证,而行业间非均衡的资产值、工资率增长都会对就业增长产生挤出效应。实行扩张性的货币政策,改变现存的货币资本分配格局,以降低对房地产等高档消费品部门的投资比重及高工资率,同时加大对基本消费品等部门的投资力度并提高工资率,这是从整体上提高全社会的就业增长率、加快农村剩余劳动力转移的战略选择。     

当前高职毕业生就业存在的主要问题与对策

近年来,我院在解决学生就业问题方面做了大量的工作,但实际效果并不明显。为实现我院学生的顺利就业,推动学院的长期发展,本课题组在调查研究的基础上找到了当前我院就业指导工作中存在的主要问题,并根据调查结果及学院的实际情况提出具有针对性的解决方案。     

论高校共青团在促进大学生就业过程中的作用

随着经济转型的不断加快和高教改革的逐步深入,大学生就业已经成为社会关注、学校关心和大学生最为关切的焦点问题。共青团是党的助手和后备军,一直把党政所望、社会所需和青年所求作为自己工作的出发点和立足点。面对当前的就业压力,高校共青团要勇于担负起时代的责任,积极探索其在大学生就业过程中的作用。     

Primary and secondary pest management in agriculture: balancing pesticides and natural enemies in potato production

Natural enemies (NEs) provide an important ecosystem service by preying on variety of pests in agricultural crop production systems. Current management practices of both primary and secondary pests in agricultural production principally rely on the use of pesticides with associated negative social and environmental consequences/externalities. Excessive use of pesticides against primary pets can remove NEs from the agro‐ecosystem and amplify susceptibility of the system to outbreaks of secondary pests. The combined effect of NEs on primary and secondary pests has received limited attention. This study uses an intraseasonal bioeconomic model to explicitly take into account biological interactions among primary pests, secondary pests, and NEs assuming decision makers’ profit maximizing behavior. The model explicitly captures the opportunity cost of injury to NE in terms of both primary and secondary pest suppression by NE. The results show that in the context of the green peach aphid (primary pest) and two‐spotted spider mite (secondary pest) in potato production, inclusion of NE into pest mitigation strategy can increase returns by 2%.     

Backward Capitalism in Rural South Africa: Prospects for Accelerating Accumulation in the Eastern Cape

The forces of production in rural South Africa and the performance of the agricultural sector form the central theme of this paper. It shows that the long‐term lack of dynamism of capitalist development in South Africa as a whole is reflected in and is responsible for failures of rural development. These failures have resulted in acute suffering, not least in Eastern Cape province, where barriers to dynamic capitalist growth remain very high. The paper concludes with proposals for promoting more rapid wage employment growth and capitalist development and for protecting vulnerable rural residents from the worst consequences of such development. The proposals are contrasted with the conventional wisdom in South Africa, especially the rural development strategies proposed by the current government.     

适应市场就业需求的全日制硕士研究生专业学习及应对策略研究

简介了研究生学科、专业及其培养方案内容要求,分析了硕士研究生的学习心态、就业态度及市场择人条件,提出了就业应对策略。     

Employment Growth, Worker Mobility, and Rural Economic Development

A county-level labor market model is estimated for North Carolina. The model accounts for inter-county commuting, migration, and within-county adjustments to labor demand shocks. Econometric results indicate that most employment growth (70–80%) during the 1980s was accommodated by changes in commuting flows. Evidence is also presented indicating that labor force growth—and, by extension, population growth and associated fiscal impacts—in rural counties is sensitive to employment growth in nearby urban counties. These results highlight two opposing forces related to spatial spillovers that are usually neglected in analyses of the economic and fiscal impacts of employment growth.     

中国就业面临的问题及对策

本文通过对中国就业面临问题的分析,提出了一些政策性建议。指出只有充分利用人力资源优势,才能实现可持续战略。