Hukou and Graduates’ Job Search in China*

This paper presents evidence that graduates from rural areas, classified as non‐urban Hukou, choose to invest in higher levels of job‐search effort (as measured by number of different search methods used and the number of employers contacted) and also set a lower reservation wage, reflected in acceptance of a lower starting salary, than do comparable graduates of urban Hukou, in China. The former also appear to have higher probabilities of being employed, in terms of both their higher probabilities of receiving offers and, more importantly, their higher probabilities of acceptance. The evidence thus suggests that graduates with non‐urban Hukou face more intense pressure to gain employment in the period leading up to graduation, than do their urban counterparts. More generally, the evidence suggests that effort invested in job search is rewarded in the graduate labor market in China.     

论浙江省实现充分就业的产业结构调整实证分析

就业结构是由产业结构决定的,产业结构的变化必然引起相应就业结构的变化。文章运用比较分析方法和回归分析方法分析了浙江省就业的产业结构的现状、演进以及产业结构与就业结构关联性,指出浙江产业结构调整应坚持的方向以及产业结构调整对就业的影响。     

Household Social Mobility for Paid Domestic Workers and Other Low-Skilled Women Employed in South Africa

This paper explores the theme of patronage by examining how the social mobility prospects of paid domestic workers differ from other vulnerable low-skilled black and colored women in post-apartheid South Africa. The literature provides contradictory predictions about the effects of a relationship with an affluent employer on a vulnerable employed woman and her household. Using data from the 2002–8 General Household Survey, this study uses propensity score matching (PSM) to compare paid domestic workers versus employed women with similar labor market characteristics. It finds that the household members of paid domestic workers tend to have a lower likelihood of unemployment, lower unemployment duration, higher likelihood of owning assets, and lower prevalence of hunger. It is, however, important to see evidence of such benefits in the context of a complicated employment relationship and to highlight that such benefits can reflect both altruistic and self-serving employer motivations.     

Impact of assertive and defensive impression management tactics on recruiter evaluation: The case of post-failure entrepreneurs in employment interviews

This study investigates how human-resource professionals examine, during a job interview, the application of post-bankruptcy entrepreneurs seeking to rebound as salaried workers. We assume that the way candidates talk about their failure (impression management tactics—IM) impacts the assessment of the recruiter. Thanks to an experimental methodology we compare the impact of three distinct IM tactics on the assessment of the hiring manager (a defensive IM tactic based on excuses, a defensive IM tactic based on justification, and an assertive IM tactic). We demonstrate that recruiters are more inclined to recruit the post-bankruptcy entrepreneur if the candidate has been able to turn the ordeal into an element of self-valorization.     

The participation of Russian households in the informal economy: Evidence from the VTsIOM data

This study presents the size and structure of secondary employment in Russia, analyses the determinants of Russian informal secondary employment, and discusses differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. We estimate that 27 percent of Russia’s GDP was produced in the informal economy during 1997–98 and informal secondary employment amounts to about 20 percent of value added produced in the informal economy. We found that the probability of holding an informal secondary job as opposed to a formal one is positively associated with higher wage rates and lower education. However, there is little evidence that low income is correlated with holding an informal secondary job. We also found evidence that an informal secondary job requires lower job qualifications as compared to a formal one. Again, low income is not significant in determining differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. JEL classification: J22, J24, O17, P20.     

大学生就业的人力资源市场分析

大学生就业是当前社会关注的热点问题。为促进大学生就业,文章立足社会调查数据,采用描述性实证分析的方法,挖掘出大学生就业难的劳动力市场深层次原因,提出提高大学生人力资源配置和使用效率的路径选择。     

信息管理与信息系统专业大学生求职择业困惑透视

信息管理与信息系统专业大学生在求职择业中,由于学校、社会和个体等原因,部分大学生表现出种种不良心态,陷入就业误区;引导大学生树立正确的求职择业观,调试就业心理,克服和避免不良心态的干扰,主动适应社会发展需要,帮助大学生择好业、就好业是高校和社会共同关注的重点.     

大学毕业生就业难的成因与对策

大学毕业生是国家宝贵的人才资源,他们能否顺利就业是关系到国家经济建设、社会稳定和人民群众的根本利益的重大问题,近年来大学生就业难的现状与对策问题,已引起社会的广泛关注。文章就现阶段大学毕业生就业难的问题进行分析探讨并提出了相应的对策。     

The Structured Interview: Reducing Biases Toward Job Applicants with Physical Disabilities

Research shows that the traditional job interview is a poor indication of a candidate's potential. However, when employers structure the interview process, they are more effective at predicting success, forming consistent evaluations, and reducing discrimination. The current study tested whether the structured interview also serves to reduce biases involved in interviewing applicants who have a physical disability. In the non-structured interview, results showed that there was a leniency bias, where raters evaluated disabled candidates more positively than equally qualified non-disabled candidates. Structured interviews reduced this effect. These findings add to the support for the structured interview as a way of increasing fairness in employee selection.     

西部生态旅游发展中农村社区就业与旅游收入分配的实证研究 --以陕西太白山国家森林公园周边农村社区为例

本文在时陕西太白山国家森林公园周边的3个农村社区居民家庭的旅游就业情况以及来自生态旅游业的收入进行抽样调查的基础上,研究了该社区居民的旅游就业类型、收入分配情况及其影响因素。研究发现．该社区的旅游收入分配存在较大的不均等,有旅游收入的家庭2002年和2003年家庭旅游收入的基尼系数分别为0．5324和0．503．而影响社区居民旅游收入的主要因素是居民的受教育程度和其从事农业生产情况。