科技公益创业研究的现状与思考

本文对科技公益创业研究的重要性以及目前研究现状进行了分析,并提出进一步研究的内容和思路,具体包括:科技公益创业重要性的分析、科技公益创业维度及其概念的界定、科技公益创业理论框架与创业、公益创业以及一般的科技创业理论框架的差异分析、科技公益创业绩效测评体系研究、国外科技公益创业的成功与失败案例分析等等。     

University Students’ Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship: A Two Countries Comparison

There is general agreement that attitudes towards the entrepreneur, entrepreneurial activity, and its social function are determinant factors for university students to decide an entrepreneurial career.This empirical study aims at assessing and comparing the attitudes of university students towards entrepreneurship and enterprise formation in Catalonia and Puerto Rico, using a sample of 837 and 435 students, respectively.Results reveal a positive entrepreneur’s image. Both samples have a favorable perception of desirability of new venture creation, although the perception of feasibility is by far not so positive and only a small percentage has the firm intention to create a new company.     

基于组织域视角对创业企业集群创新机制的研究——以高科技园区为例

创业企业集群是企业家的聚集区域，创业者是推动创业企业集群“点——线——面——群”成长和升级的关键因素。文章应用组织社会学中的新制度学派观点，从“组织域”层面解释创业企业集群的发育机理，对以高科技园区为代表的创业企业集群、群内企业以及集群环境进行分析，并提出高科技园区发展的政策建议。     

Entrepreneurship,Austrian Economics,and the Quarrel Between Philosophy and Poetry

I consider whether entrepreneurship is a distinct category within economic theory. More generally, I consider the links between discussions of entrepreneurship and philosophic debates over the nature of the aesthetic. For instance, Kant's attempt to elevate the category of the aesthetic has much in common with Kirzner's attempt to elevate the concept of the entrepreneur. Shackle's theory of choice refers very directly to the notion of the aesthetic. Theories of the aesthetic and theories of the entrepreneur have common strengths and weaknesses.     

基于社会网络的创业机会、动机与创业精神的关系研究

已有的创业精神的研究多基于西方的经济背景和实践。中国社会的历史文化和转轨时期的经济制度等都反映了中国创业精神发展的特殊性。其于制度理论,提出了创业机会、动机与创业精神之间的关系,并结合中国的创业实践认为,社会网络在创业机会、动机与创业精神的关系中起中介作用。     

External cooperation and entrepreneurial orientation in industrial clusters

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between external cooperation and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). This relationship is explored in cluster environment, wherein entrepreneurial organizations compete and cooperate simultaneously to pursue opportunities. The following hypothesis is tested: External cooperation is positively correlated with entrepreneurial orientation. The hypothesis is tested with a correlation analysis on a sample of 77 small-sized enterprises operating in the Malopolska region in Poland, wherein several clusters are active. Additionally, the regression analysis is conducted to examine the associations between inter-organizational cooperation and EO dimensions. The findings confirm that external cooperation is positively correlated with EO. This observation is confronted with a pro-competitive approach that is a constitutional element of the entrepreneurship concept. Moreover, the findings show that the correlation between external cooperation and a firm’s performance is stronger than between some other EO dimensions and performance. Additionally, the findings show the important role of relationships between organizations and their clients. In the paper, several remarks for development of the theory are discussed, including the need for incorporating inter-organizational cooperation into a set of entrepreneurial traits and reflecting it in entrepreneurial orientation scales. The findings confirm the importance of that direction of theory development that focuses on inter-organizational collaboration in the context of entrepreneurship.     

公司创业理论的演化背景及其理论综述

20世纪90年代以来，在国际化和强调创新的新竞争环境中，公司创业理论已经成为战略管理研究和创业学研究的前沿课题之一，也是公司实践中的热点话题。但众多复杂的原因使公司创业理论的研究形成了异常庞杂的体系、流派、甚至相互冲突的观点，这往往使涉足该领域的研究者们望而却步。本文分析总结了公司创业理论的演化背景，从公司创业的研究范畴、定义、研究内容、研究范式等方面梳理、总结了公司创业理论的发展脉络与最新研究现状，以期有助于我国公司创业理论的研究。     

Gender differences in self‐employment

This paper examines the factors that influence transitions into self‐employment, paying particular attention to gender differences. We find that: (i) men are more responsive to the wage differential between wage/salaried employment and self‐employment; (ii) liquidity constraints are more important for men; and (iii) the link between father's self‐employment status and the probability of self‐employment is stronger for men. Taken together, these results suggest that, for women, self‐employment is a closer substitute for part‐time work and labour‐market inactivity than it is for men. We attribute such differences to the different labour market opportunities and occupational strategies of women.     

环境退化、市场非均衡与创业

文章提出了一种新的创业观,解释了环境问题创业。奥地利学派的创业理论认为,市场非均衡提供了创业机会。环境退化作为一种市场非均衡,为创业者提供了潜在机会。但是对这种机会的利用存在一系列障碍,文章将针对其中的不对称信息、不完全信息与公共产品,介绍创业者如何克服这两种障碍,利用环境退化所产生的机会进行创业,缓解环境退化。     

创业研究前沿理论发展动态

本文评述并探讨了经济学、社会心理学、社会文化理论、资源观、机会观和社会资本观等对创业研究的贡献、不足以及未来的研究方向。传统经济学理论无法解决创业现象从外部给均衡状态带来的冲击问题,奥地利学派虽然持动态系统观点,却无法模型化。社会心理学视角的创业研究结果相互矛盾,也没有产生多少有见地的观点。社会文化学观点讨论了社会文化环境对形成创业家个性与行为特征的影响,但同样没有取得什么重要的进展。资源观试图将资源观、创业能力和均衡联系在一起,但仍然不能解释创业机敏现象。文章作者认为,机会观点和社会资本观点摈弃均衡分析方法,转而考察创业过程中的创业个体和机会因素,为创业研究建构了一个全新的研究框架。