成本会计的新领域:数字化产品成本核算

数字化产品的不断发展,给成本会计带来巨大的冲击。对数字化产品的特征进行分析及对其成本进行正确核算,是保证会计信息质量的前提。     

Market and Cost Structure in the U.S. Beef Packing Industry: A Plant-Level Analysis

A resurgence of consolidation in the U.S. meat packing industry in the past few decades has stimulated academic and policy debate. Issues raised include the role of cost economies in driving these patterns, and the effects on the agricultural sector (cattle producers) from market power. Here, plant level cost and revenue data for U.S. beef packing plants are used to estimate a cost-based model incorporating cattle- and output-market pricing behavior. The robust results indicate little market power exploitation in either the cattle input or beef output markets, and that any apparent evidence is counteracted by cost efficiencies such as utilization and scope economies.     

我国中小企业的环境战略及其选择

环境问题已日益成为社会关注的焦点。然而我国中小企业对环境问题一直没有给予足够的重视。本文分析了我国中小企业环境问题的紧迫性,探讨了中小企业环境战略的驱动因素,并提出了可供中小企业选择的四种环境战略。     

基于可持续发展的企业四维成本体系研究

文章从成本的角度探讨可持续发展对企业成本理念的要求,认为要适应可持续发展的要求,必须树立四维成本系统理念,即产品成本、资本成本、代理成本和环境成本.文章逐个分析了企业的四维成本,然后基于人本观提出了如何构建四维成本体系.     

清洁生产技术创新、治污技术创新与环境规制

本文通过数理模型,证明了环境规制对技术创新的影响存在偏向性,在环境规制强度较弱阶段偏向于促进治污技术创新,而在较强阶段偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。并利用中国2002-2015年省际面板数据,以清洁生产技术创新水平和治污技术创新水平的比值构建技术创新偏向指数。通过广义可行最小二乘法,估计面板固定效应模型,分析环境规制与技术创新偏向指数的关系,论证了本文的理论命题。另外,企业规模偏向于促进治污技术创新,而第二产业比重的上升、国有企业比例的增加和企业研究与开发支出则显著偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。     

低碳经济下企业环境会计研究

以低碳经济为切入点,分析低碳经济下我国企业环境会计的现状和问题,探讨实施环境会计的必要性和我国企业环境会计核算面临的新问题,并在此基础上,阐述了低碳经济下实施企业环境会计的意义,提出完善我国企业环境会计的相关对策。     

旅游需求函数的研究

由于旅游区价格具有一定的刚性和稳定性，采用直接观察法不易得出旅游需求函数。文章通过对旅行成本法的研究，首次提出试用旅游复合成本的变化来替代旅游区价格的变化，综合考虑收入、时间的机会成本等因素，使用出游率和旅游复合成本2个指标，建立旅游需求函数，揭示旅游需求规律，探索出一种简易可行计算旅游需求函数的方法。     

Does Improved Environmental Policy Enhance Economic Growth?

The environmental impacts on an economy is studied over time using endogenous growth theory. Externalities from the environment on production are central in the analysis, and we examine whether an optimal path realizes more rapid economic growth. The paper focuses mainly on developing countries, where production is largely influenced by the environmental quality. The result of the analysis indicates that the economic growth rate may not depend on the internalization of the environmental externality, but rather on the internalization of the human capital externality. The level of economic activity, however, generally seems to depend on the internalization of both externalities.     

Design considerations for neyman-pearson and wald hypothesis testing

Summary The Neyman-Pearson Lemma describes a test for two simple hypotheses that, for a given sample size, is most powerful for its level. It is usually implemented by choosing the smallest sample size that achieves a prespecified power for a fixed level. The Lemma does not describe how to select either the level or the power of the test. In the usual Wald decision-theoretic structure there exists a sampling cost function, an initial prior over the hypothesis space and various payoffs to right/wrong hypothesis selections. The optimal Wald test is a Bayes decision rule that maximizes the expected payoff net of sampling costs. This paper shows that the Wald-optimal test and the Neyman-Pearson test can be the same and how the Neyman-Pearson test, with fixed level and power, can be viewed as a Wald test subject to restrictions on the payoff vector, cost function and prior distribution.     

GAME THEORETIC MODELS OF MIXED OLIGOPOLY

Abstract. In this paper we review various models that have been proposed for the study of mixed oligopoly, that is markets in which private and public firm compete on equal basis using only market instruments.