醋酸丁酯合成工艺设计及控制

为了对醋酸丁酯的合成工艺过程进行优化控制,在Aspen Plus稳态模拟的基础上,利用Aspen Dynamics软件对醋酸丁酯的合成进行动态模拟,建立了醋酸丁酯合成工艺流程模型。在Aspen Dynamics软件中设定不同的控制结构,并引入进料流量干扰,通过改变醋酸丁酯的纯度和灵敏板的温度来检验不同控制结构的性能。结果表明,通过CS4控制,可以很好地解决产品纯度的波动问题。     

青霉素生产废液处理工艺改进

对青霉素废液中醋酸丁酯回收过程中酯含量偏低的问题进行了研究,提出了解决办法,通过生产验证证明改进后的工艺可以有效地提高回收醋酸丁酯的酯含量.     

5-乙酰基-2-氨基-4-甲基噻吩-3-甲酸乙酯的合成、表征及荧光性能研究

用乙酰丙酮、氰乙酸乙酯和硫粉为原料在三乙胺的作用下合成了5-乙酰基-2-氨基-4-甲基噻吩-3-甲酸乙酯，通过元素分析、核磁对其结构进行表征，并对其荧光性能进行了初步测试，对反应机理和反应条件进行了讨论。     

Ulipristal acetate for pre-operative treatment of moderate-to-severe uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age in The Netherlands: cost minimization analysis and budget impact analysis

Objective: Ulipristal acetate has been found to be non-inferior to other pre-operative treatments of uterine fibroids, particularly leuprolide. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacoeconomic profile of ulipristal acetate compared to leuprolide for the pre-operative treatment of moderate-to-severe uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age in The Netherlands. The analysis was performed and applied within the framework of the ulipristal acetate submission for reimbursement in 2012.

Methods: A decision model was developed to compare the total costs of ulipristal acetate compared to leuprolide, the standard care in The Netherlands. The target population of this study corresponded to the type of patients included in the PEARL II clinical trial; i.e. women of reproductive age requiring pre-operative treatment for uterine fibroids. Sensitivity analysis was implemented to assess uncertainties. Data regarding costs, effects, and other input parameters were obtained from relevant published literatures, the Dutch Healthcare Insurance Board, and expert opinion obtained by means of a panel of experts from several medical centers in The Netherlands.

Results: In The Netherlands, the total costs of ulipristal acetate and leuprolide were estimated at €4,216,027 and €4,218,095, respectively. The annual savings of ulipristal acetate were, therefore, estimated at €2,068. The major driver of this cost difference was the cost of administration for leuprolide. Sensitivity analyses showed that ulipristal acetate mostly remained cost-saving over a range of assumptions. The budget impact analysis indicated that the introduction of ulipristal acetate was estimated to result in cost savings in the first 3 years following the introduction. The results of this study were used in the decision on reimbursement of ulipristal acetate according to the Dutch Reference Pricing system in 2012.

Conclusion: Ulipristal acetate was cost saving compared to leuprolide and has the potential to provide substantial savings on the healthcare budget in The Netherlands.     

国内醋酸乙烯聚合方法的研究进展

醋酸乙烯衍生物用途广泛,其聚合工业得到了大力发展。综述了近年来国内关于醋酸乙烯聚合方法(包括溶液聚合、乳液聚合、本体聚合、共聚反应等)的研究进展,并展望了醋酸乙烯聚合技术的发展前景。     

混合锌源法制备甘氨酸锌新工艺研究

为提高甘氨酸锌生产的综合转化率,提出了一条混合锌源法合成甘氨酸锌的新工艺。该工艺首次反应以乙酸锌、氧化锌、甘氨酸为原料,在水相中进行反应合成,混合液经反应、冷却、结晶、过滤,滤液作为二次反应的母液,固体晾干后即为产品甘氨酸锌。根据产品的量向母液中补加对应量的甘氨酸和氧化锌继续反应,将反应液循环利用。当甘氨酸与锌源的物质的量比为2∶1时,首次反应的适宜操作条件如下:n(氧化锌)∶n(乙酸锌)=5∶1,m(水)∶m(甘氨酸)为3∶1,反应时间为2.0h,反应温度为90℃,首次收率为55.39%。母液循环使用4次后,收率仍能接近100%,且不影响产品品质。各种检测分析表明,此工艺合成的甘氨酸锌符合国家标准。     

新型醋酸乙烯聚合引发剂的研究

采用新型引发剂过氧化二月桂酰对醋酸乙烯聚合进行研究,通过研究它在聚合过程中的分解速率常数、半衰期等性能,得出过氧化二月桂酰的分解速率常数大,半衰期与偶氮二异丁腈相似,并且产物不含有毒物质,因此它的应用范围可以更加广泛。讨论了引发剂质量、甲醇质量、反应时间对醋酸乙烯转化率和聚合度的影响。建立正交试验得到醋酸乙烯聚合的最佳工艺条件。     

Cost-effectiveness of glatiramer acetate and interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,based on the CombiRx study

Background:

To assess the cost-effectiveness of the Disease Modifying Treatments (DMT), Glatiramer Acetate (GA) and Interferon beta-1a (IFN) in monotherapy alone and in combination for the prevention of relapses among Spanish patients aged between 18–60 years old with established Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods:

A Markov model was developed to represent the transition of a cohort of patients over a 10 year period using the perspective of the Spanish National Health Service (NHS). The model considered five different health states with 1-year cycles including without relapse, patients with suspect, non-protocol defined and protocol defined exacerbations, as well as a category information lost. Efficacy data was obtained from the 3-year CombiRx Study. Costs were reported in 2013 Euros and a 3% discount rate was applied for health and benefits. Deterministic results were presented as the annual treatment cost for the number of relapses. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the model.

Results:

Deterministic results showed that the expected annual cost per patient was lower when treated with GA (€13,843) compared with IFN (€15,589) and the combined treatment with IFN?+?GA (€21,539). The annual number of relapses were lower in the GA cohort with 3.81 vs 4.18 in the IFN cohort and 4.08 in the cohort treated with IFN?+?GA. Results from probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that GA has a higher probability of being cost-effective than treatment with IFN or IFN?+?GA for threshold values from €28,000 onwards, independent of the maximum that the Spanish NHS is willing to pay for avoiding relapses.

Conclusion:

GA was shown to be a cost-effective treatment option for the prevention of relapses in Spanish patients diagnosed with RRMS. When GA in monotherapy is compared with INF in monotherapy and IFN?+?GA combined, it may be concluded that the first is the dominant strategy.     

4100t/a乙基香兰素装置工艺设计

文章采用乙基愈创木酚-乙醛酸法制备乙基香兰素,此法工艺简单,反应条件易于控制,产率高,产品纯度高,三废污染少。与传统工艺相比,该工艺具有流程简单,能耗少,污染少,转化率高等优点,能满足环保和经济要求。本设计主要完成了氧化及萃取工段的氧化塔,脱羧塔以及萃取塔的工艺设计计算,确定了塔高、塔径等。     

乙酸乙酯的生产技术及市场分析

介绍了乙酸乙酯的市场需求情况，对乙酸酯化法、乙醛缩合法、乙烯直接加成法和乙醇脱氢法等几种主要生产技术及投资进行了分析和对比，并提出了相关的发展建议。