边缘检测应用问题研究

工业CT是一种先进的无损检测技术,近年来,从定性向定量测量发展是其的一个重要研究方向,且已取得了很大进展。然而,目前国内外工业CT图像测量大都还依赖于手工进行,这样不仅在可重复性和精确度上存在着很大问题,而且越来越无法适应于大批量的图像处理工作。因此,笔者针对手工测量存在的某些问题,结合工业CT图像的自身特点提出了一种基于边缘提取的自动测量方法。     

基于旅游博客和论坛提高旅游产品质量的模型研究

分析了旅游博客和论坛对旅游产业的影响,以及通过软件自动方式使用旅游博客和论坛分析的优势,并给出了实现的步骤,分析了其中的核心问题,给出解决方法,从而为旅游管理者改善旅游产品提供方向。     

分离富集环境水溶液中铅离子的离子印迹—固相萃取技术

以Pb(Ⅱ)为模板离子,壳聚糖为功能单体,硅胶为载体,γ-(2、3环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)为偶联剂,利用表面分子印迹技术和溶胶-凝胶法在稀醋酸溶液中制备了Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)对Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹和非印迹聚合物的表面形貌和结构进行表征;并用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)考察了吸附酸度、吸附剂用量、静置时间等对聚合物吸附性能的影响;研究了印迹聚合物在混合溶液中对Pb(Ⅱ)的选择性,比较了印迹和非印迹聚合物的吸附容量;在最佳吸附酸度为4.5时,0.3g吸附剂吸附5h达到平衡,Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物对Pb(Ⅱ)离子具有较高的选择性,其饱和吸附容量是非印迹聚合物的2倍.     

基于遗传算法的核函数参数优化

核主分量分析是一种输入输出特征非线性变换技术。选择最优或接近最优的非线性变换核函数参数,使类的可分性测度最大,是KPCA应用于特征提取的关键。本文采用高斯变异遗传算法作优化技术,实现了KPCA和GA的集成,适合核函数参数的优化选择。仿真表明,该技术可行、有效。     

Property rights and groundwater management in the High Plains Aquifer

Groundwater is an important natural resource that needs to be managed dynamically. Ideally, institutions governing property rights to the groundwater of low-recharge aquifers should not discourage or disincentivize groundwater users from dynamic management. We develop an empirical model to examine whether agricultural groundwater users faced with prior appropriation property rights to groundwater in western Kansas exhibit dynamic, forward-looking behavior consistent with dynamic management. We find that although farmers are allotted a time-invariant maximum amount of groundwater that they can extract each year, they still behave in a manner consistent with dynamic management. Their groundwater extraction decisions are not significantly affected by the quantity they are authorized to extract, but are instead affected by expected future crop prices, expected future energy prices, and groundwater extraction by neighbors. Our results provide evidence that farmers manage their groundwater resource dynamically, even if their property rights do not necessarily encourage or incentivize them to do so.     

The economic impact of shale gas extraction: A review of existing studies

Recent advances in drilling technology have allowed for the profitable extraction of natural gas from deep underground shale rock formations. Several reports sponsored by the gas industry have estimated the economic effects of the shale gas extraction on incomes, employment, and tax revenues. None of these reports has been published in an economics journal and therefore have not been subjected to the peer review process. Yet these reports may be influential to the formation of public policy. This commentary provides written reviews of several studies purporting to estimate the economic impact of gas extraction from shale beds. Due to questionable assumptions, the economic impacts estimated in these reports are very likely overstated.     

Ex-post full surplus extraction,straightforwardly

Consider an estimate of the common value of an auctioned asset that is symmetric in the bidders’ types. Such an estimate can be represented solely in terms of the order statistics of those types. This representation forms the basis for a pricing rule yielding truthful bidding as an equilibrium, whether bidders’ types are affiliated or independent. We highlight the link between the estimator and full surplus extraction, providing a necessary and sufficient condition for ex-post full surplus extraction, including the possibility of independent types. The results offer sharp insights into the strengths and limits of simple auctions by identifying the source of informational rents in such environments. Harstad acknowledges hospitable accommodation by the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, and the Olin School of Business, Washington University in St. Louis, during parts of this research. We are grateful for comments and suggestions from Richard McLean and Jeroen Swinkels.     

Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century

The “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP) has been suggested as a comprehensive indicator to measure impacts of human land use on ecosystems. It accounts for (a) human-induced changes in biological productivity and (b) biomass harvest. This study presents an analysis of aboveground HANPP in the Philippines between 1910 and 2003, a period characterized by massive deforestation and increases in land use intensity and biomass extraction. Results show a steep increase of aboveground HANPP from just below 35% of potential productivity in 1910 to slightly above 60% in 1970 and constant values since then. Large-scale changes in land cover and agricultural practices were the main direct determinants of this trajectory in HANPP. Remarkably, HANPP grew at much slower pace than population did: While the amount of NPP appropriated by humans doubled throughout the period, population increased by a factor ten. Increasing efficiency in terms of biomass extraction per unit of area, relying on ever-increasing inputs, and changes in the nation's physical biomass trade balance were of major importance for this difference in growth rates. In the coming decades, the Philippines will have to face the challenge to meet increases in biomass demand without putting even higher strains on the ecosystems.     

A dynamic mechanism and surplus extraction under ambiguity

We study the question of auction design in an IPV setting characterized by ambiguity. We assume that the preferences of agents exhibit ambiguity aversion; in particular, they are represented by the epsilon-contamination model. We show that a simple variation of a discrete Dutch auction can extract almost all surplus. This contrasts with optimal auctions under IPV without ambiguity as well as with optimal static auctions with ambiguity—in all of these, types other than the lowest participating type obtain a positive surplus. An important point of departure is that the modified Dutch mechanism is dynamic rather than static, establishing that under ambiguity aversion—even when the setting is IPV in all other respects—a dynamic mechanism can have additional bite over its static counterparts. A further general insight is that the standard revelation principle does not automatically extend to environments not characterized by subjective expected utility.     

主成分分析法在企业绩效综合评价中的改进

通过对主成分分析法(PCA)基本算法的分析,从企业绩效综合评价的角度出发,指出了在指标变量的多重相关性处理、定性指标定量化、原始数据无量纲化等方面存在的弊端,引入了分级指标体系的设计方法、数量化理论(Ⅲ)、分类无量纲化方法解决之。针对PCA中特征向量方向的确定问题,提出了特征向量方向确定的原则。针对主成分的提取和权重赋值问题,提出了优先递阶提取法和两两比较判断矩阵法解决之。最后,针对线性PCA的结构化问题,探讨了当今研究的方向和思路。