裂纹角度对红砂岩试样局部化带演化影响的试验研究

为研究裂纹角度对红砂岩局部化带演化的影响,制作了无预制裂纹、预制0°/45°/90°裂纹的4种试样并开展单轴压缩试验,利用数字散斑相关方法分析单轴压缩试验中试样局部化带变形演化特征.试验结果表明:无预制裂纹试样局部化带产生于固定端,与加载方向呈无固定形式向加载端演化;预制裂纹试样局部化带产生于裂纹两端,其中0°裂纹试样局部化带与加载方向呈一定角度向加载端演化,45°裂纹试样局部化带与加载方向呈平行方式向加载端和固定端演化;90°裂纹试样局部化带呈"X"形向加载端和固定端演化;在相同的加载方式下,裂纹角度直接影响试样的最终破坏形式.     

Assessing the potential of SRI management principles and the FFS approach in Northeast Thailand for sustainable rice intensification in the context of climate change

The paper describes the facilitated learning process of farmers, its results and implications in addressing the low productivity of Jasmine rice in northeast Thailand using the SRI-FFS approach in a collaborative action research. Other involved included rice traders, millers, researchers, government and non-governmental organizations. Working through an inclusive process of dialogue, observation, diagnosis, experimentation and exposure to different types of innovative agronomic crop management (IACM) practices resulting from the SRI–FFS approach, participants made a thorough analysis of the current management practices and evaluated various IACM practices for their productivity and profitability. The results confirmed the potential of IACM in enhancing crop and water productivity along with soil fertility with relatively low input-use (seed, water and fertilizers) and higher net farm-income compared to existing crop management practices. However, factors such as (i) the age of the farmers and (ii) off-farm employment opportunity are key drivers that affect the crop management decision-making process. Therefore, exploration of value-added production alternatives and favourable policies is required to sustain IACM that can benefit farmers, consumers and the environment. The participation of policy-makers at the action research continuum is essential for effective follow up, scaling up and sustainability of such environmentally sound practices.     

Loss or gain? The role of message framing in hotel guests’ recycling behaviour

Abstract

One of the major challenges for the tourism sector is enacting sustainable behaviours. A key strategy for hoteliers is developing persuasive messages, with the goal of encouraging guests’ voluntary participation in green programmes. Through the lens of prospect theory and construal level theory, the present study investigates to what extent a loss or gain-framed message influences recycling of hotel guests via a field and a laboratory experiment. The field experiment tests the moderating effect of message construal level (concrete or abstract) on the message frame that activate pro-environmental behaviour, while the laboratory study delves further into the mechanism by showing that perceived self-efficacy is the mechanism behind the activation of these behaviours. The findings from both studies suggest that hotel guests are more likely to engage in recycling behaviour when a concrete message is paired with a loss-framed message, because of a greater perceived self-efficacy. These results help to understand the theoretical psychological mechanisms and offer managerial implications for operators on how to engage guests to be active partners in sustainable tourism behaviours.     

Benefit-risk trade-offs in retrospect: how major stakeholders perceive the decision-making process in the Barents Sea oil field development

This study provides an analysis of risk-benefit communication and participation of the siting process for the Norwegian Goliat oil field development, within the context of a revised model of the International Risk Governance Council’s framework. The main objective of the study is a retrospective review of the decision-making process seen through the lenses of the major stakeholders involved in this process. The research design used qualitative methods of empirical research including stakeholder interviews during a five-day period in 2011 in Northern Norway. Results showed that the siting process of Goliat was dominated primarily by the issue of benefit sharing. In view of potential risks to such oil development, local stakeholders felt entitled to some compensation in terms of shared benefits. However, over the course of time the high hopes that these benefits would materialize and provide additional benefits to the communities which would then be fairly distributed among the beneficiaries have been disappointed. We review the reasons behind these results as well as formulate recommendations regarding potential improvements to the risk-benefit communication process in addition to future siting processes.     

信息经济人假设与合作理论研究

文章对人的理性和社会性在经济活动中的作用进行了分析,指出两者在人类合作行为中是协调一致的,共同发挥着作用。在此基础上,提出了具有主动合作特性的经济行为人模型——信息经济人假设。并借鉴场理论构建了组织信息场模型,将经济组织的资本量和价值取向作为组织信息场的主要信息变量,从而将经济因素和文化道德因素纳入同一个框架内进行分析,以合作的视角、信息的观点、系统的方法来描述经济人在组织中的合作机理,分析维持合作的基本条件。     

Does context matter more for hypothetical than for actual contributions? Evidence from a natural field experiment

We investigated the importance of the social context for people’s voluntary contributions to a national park in Costa Rica, using a natural field experiment. Some subjects make actual contributions while others state their hypothetical contribution. Both the degree of anonymity and information provided about the contributions of others influence subject contributions in the hypothesized direction. We found a substantial hypothetical bias with regard to the amount contributed. However, the influence of the social contexts is about the same when the subjects make actual monetary contributions as when they state their hypothetical contributions. Our results have important implications for validity testing of stated preference methods: a comparison between hypothetical and actual behavior should be done for a given social context.      

“美丽中国”视域下生态人培育“场域”模式的构建

"美丽中国"是社会主义生态文明时代的美好愿景。人是社会活动的主体,"美丽中国"建设离不开人的生态化行为。因此,生态人的培育与塑造是"美丽中国"建设的基础和保障。本文首先阐述了"美丽中国"视域下生态人的内涵与特征,接下来对场域研究范式进行了介绍和梳理,最后从主体子场域、时间子场域、环境子场域等方面探讨了生态人培育"场域"模式的构建。     

基于伽罗华域高斯列消元法的RS码盲识别

为解决高码率RS（Reed Solomon）码盲识别问题,提出了一种基于伽罗华域高斯列消元法的RS码盲识别方法。先利用矩阵秩的差值函数识别符号数及码长;再遍历此时符号数对应的本原多项式,对矩阵进行伽罗华域高斯列消元,并引入熵函数差值来识别本原多项式;最后求码字多项式的根,其中连续根即为生成多项式的根。该方法可以较好地识别RS码码长、生成多项式及本原多项式,并且避免了遍历符号数时多次进行伽罗华域傅里叶变换的繁琐过程。仿真结果表明,在误码率为3×10－3的情况下,对RS码的识别概率高于90%。     

构建物流集成场的主体思路与基本范畴

分析物理场与人工场的差异与联系,就物流集成场的构建思路、基本范畴进行了探讨,提出物流集成场基本理论架构。该理论可以解释供应链物流集成中的一些现象和问题,为供应链物流集成分析和研究提供一种新的理论平台和分析方法。