The quality of cooking oil used in informal food processing in Malawi: a preliminary study

A survey was conducted in Lilongwe city urban markets in Malawi, to assess the quality of cooking oil used for frying potato chips. Purposive sampling was performed to come up with respondents who were using vegetable oils. A stratified random sampling was used to select the 32 informal food processors who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Oil samples were collected from the most commonly used brand of oil. Fifteen respondents were selected and these were divided into three categories of five: those who were not reusing the oil, those who were reusing the oil and those who were preparing potato chips and chicken in the same oil, for chemical analysis. The preliminary results showed that while the majority (59.4%) of the informal food processors discarded the oil after 1 day, 3.1% discarded it after 4 days and another 12.5% after 3 days. A larger proportion of the respondents (40.6%) used the leftover oils at home, 37.5% kept it in oil bottles, 3.1% kept it in plastic papers for reuse the following day. Also, most respondents (57%) indicated dark colour as the sign of oil deterioration, 29% discarded the oil after noticing foam formation while 8.2% and 6.1% said they discarded the oil after noticing a bad smell and food absorbing the oils respectively. A physical observation of the various oils showed that for most of the respondents (34%), the oils were dark brown in colour, in 22%, the oils were slightly dark brown and 16%, the oils were brown. Foam formation was noticed in 13% of the respondents. It was also noted that 91% of the respondents had not been trained or briefed of food quality and safety issues. A chemical analysis of the oils showed high values of free fatty acids (range, 0.84–1.4112 compared with 0.42 in the fresh oil) and peroxide values (range 14.7–16.6 compared with 9.0 in the fresh oil). It may be concluded that the oils being used by the informal food processors in Malawi are of poor quality and so the foods cooked in them may be a health hazard to the consumers and the processors themselves. Although this work in ongoing, it may be recommended at the outset that the health department of the city assemblies should inspect these oils for the good health of the consumers.     

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The Nested PIGLOG Model: An Application to U.S. Food Demand

A new demand system is introduced, the Nested PIGLOG model, nesting thirteen other demand systems including five that are also new. This new model and its nested special cases are applied to models of U.S. food demand that include food-at-home (FAH), food-away-from-home (FAFH), and alcoholic beverages. Although nested tests and out-of-sample forecasting performance favor generalizing models to a certain degree, statistically insignificant improvements to in-sample-fit and even poorer out-of-sample forecast accuracy undermine further generalizations. Based on a subset of preferred models, FAFH is found to be price and income elastic compared to FAH which is price and income inelastic.     

基于现有法律框架下建设工程监理安全责任对策

根据现有法律法规,归纳了建设工程监理安全责任的法律规定,对安全责任性质进行分析,指出现有法律法规的协调性、安全监理的深度、安全审查、监理费用等方面存在的问题,并从国家宏观管理和监理单位微观对策方面提出建议。     

国外食品冷藏供应链发展概况

着重介绍了国外冷藏链的发展历程以及在现代冷藏技术方面所取得的成就和最新发展趋势。     

浅析我国食品冷藏物流的现状及对策

从分析冷藏物流的概念和我国冷藏物流现状入手，阐述了我国在冷藏物流上的特点和问题，并针对这些问题提出了我国发展冷藏物流的对策。     

基于RFID技术的电子商务物流体系研究

指出了基于RFID技术的电子商务物流体系的几大功能,论述了其体系结构及路线设计。     

查处矿山安全隐患的博弈分析

针对我国矿山安全事故频繁的现状,建立了查处矿山安全隐患的博弈模型,并给出了该模型的解。应用这一模型分析出:鸡西矿业集团城子河煤矿在"6·20"事故中,实际上选择了劣策略;广西南丹拉甲坡矿"7·17"事故则是串谋博弈造成的严重后果。     

论社会制约机制在煤矿安全生产中的功效

煤炭企业的社会制约机制是以煤炭企业安全生产为核心,除了煤炭企业自身的管理行为和道德自律发挥作用外,还通过法律法规制约、政府监督、保险公司、中介服务机构和煤炭行业协会等外部因素影响煤炭企业的安全生产行为。强化安全生产社会制约机制的功效,对改变煤炭企业安全生产现状,有效地遏止安全事故的发生,树立科学的安全发展观,起到决定作用。     

发展粮食期货市场 促进粮食市场化改革

随着粮食生产经营的全面市场化,健全和完善粮食期货市场有了更重要的现实意义:调节粮食供求,稳定粮食价格;优化粮食品种结构,推动产业化经营;为粮食企业提供避险渠道;减轻入世冲击,保护粮食安全。文章指出发展粮食期货市场的政策措施包括:推出大宗粮食期货交易品种;培育和发展套期保值用户;规范粮食现货市场;发展商品投资基金;开创场外交易;调整不符合国际惯例的法规政策。