交易成本内部化与模块化组织边界变动

文章基于交易成本理论,对模块化变革引起的交易成本内部化及模块化组织边界变动问题进行了探讨。首先,识别并界定了模块化组织边界,认为模块化组织边界是指依据模块化组织基本架构和主导规则所建立起来的关系网络的界限范畴。其次,基于模块化"竞合机制",指出了模块化组织交易成本内部化趋势,集中体现为：信息提升强化了组织运行的不确定性、频繁更替成员企业促使了组织内部合作的交易化、规则化约束强化了资产专用性的锁定。进一步地,厘清了交易成本内部化而引起的模块化组织边界变动的实质,即组织会在交易契约与协作契约之间进行二次选择,直到最优契约组合模式的出现。最后,对模块化组织边界变动下的治理问题进行了探索性分析。     

“三元悖论”与中国汇率制度选择

＂三元悖论＂的基本原理是指在货币政策独立、资本自由流动和固定汇率这三个经济目标中最多只能同时实现两个,而该理论本身也存在理论假设过于绝对化,组合难以有效实现,政策组合难以执行的局限性。基于对中国资本流动现状和货币政策有效性分析和＂三元悖论＂的基本原理分析,得出我国的汇率制度选择终级目标是实现＂货币政策独立＋资本自由流动＋自由浮动汇率＂的政策组合。     

省际边界区域发展的空间结构优化研究——以粤闽湘赣省际边界区域为例

从粤闽湘赣省际边界区域整体的角度,以构建多中心城市区域的理念,提出了粤闽湘赣省际边界区域空间结构优化的具体构想,即以韶关、赣州、郴州成长三角为整个省际边界区域的核心,以其它6个中心城市为市域的核心,以经济基础好或交通条件好的县(市)城区作为县域的中心,构建7条城镇发展聚合轴和拓展轴作为城镇、交通和产业的聚集和依托轴,以形成城市空间功能互补,集约紧凑发展,绿色空间穿插相融,高度协调、网络化的多中心城市区域,以整体的优势参与珠三角城市体系分工,并力争在区域分工中占有优势。     

企业研发边界影响因素的国外研究综述

企业研发边界的本质是寻求企业研发资源的最优配置。近年来,国外学者将影响企业研发边界的因素分为企业特征因素和行业与技术特征因素两大类。其中,企业特征因素包括研发强度、企业规模、纵向一体化、多样化、现金流和组织结构等;行业与技术特征因素包括专有性、信息流、创新速度等。可见,研发边界影响因素的相关结论并不十分一致,仍有待进一步的研究。     

SO NEAR AND YET SO FAR IN GENEVA

This article reflects on how close World Trade Organization members came to reaching agreement in Geneva last July on the key agricultural and industrial issues at the heart of the Doha Round. But since 6 November, when the text of this article was finalised, the global economy has been in continuing decline and there was insufficient convergence on outstanding issues to justify a new ministerial meeting tentatively planned for December. The prospects of completing the round by the end of 2009 have therefore weakened.     

投资现金流敏感性研究述评

大量的经验文献支持了流动性假说,认为内部现金流是影响公司投资的一个重要因素。文中基于信息不对称下的融资约束理论与自由现金流的代理成本假说,回顾了关于投资现金流敏感性存在及其根源的国内外相关研究成果,梳理了该领域的研究脉络,并对主要结论进行了总结与评论。对文献研究发现,大多数研究均证实了投资与现金流之间具有较强的敏感性,但挖掘这种敏感性的根源却尚未达成一致的结论。尤其随着股权结构的引入,考虑到管理层内部持股的激励与堑壕效应、股权集中下控股股东的监督与侵占效应,该领域的研究纷繁复杂。但基于股权结构的研究是揭示这种敏感性的根源、探索非效率投资治理机制的有效途径。     

在网络经济下的企业边界的研究——基于能力理论的视角

网络经济的到来,企业的经营理念和组织结构都发生了极大的变化,使得传统的交易成本理论对企业边界的解释显得有些不足。通过梳理主流企业边界理论的相关观点,阐释了能力理论对于分析网络经济下企业边界的适用性。在此基础上,从核心能力、附属能力和基本能力三个纬度对企业的边界进行了探讨。     

Free software on the market-side: the failure-story of free software services companies in France

ABSTRACT

This article investigates two research funding policies in a cooperative and a non-cooperative R&;D setting: subsidising private research (Spr) and subsidising public research (Spu). We show that R&;D cooperation with subsidies (either Spr or Spu) always performs better than R&;D cooperation with no subsidy. Furthermore, the Spr policy leads to better performance than the Spu approach does in terms of overall net surplus whether the firms cooperate or not in R&;D. Nevertheless, comparing the two research funding policies for the same level of public spending shows that the Spu policy with R&;D cooperation is in some cases more effective than the Spr policy, the latter becoming too costly for the government when spillovers are high.     

Domestic Political Institutions,Diplomatic Style and Trade Agreements: A Comparative Study of China and Japan

Through an analysis of the formation of free trade agreements (FTAs), this article seeks to examine the factors that caused the gap in Japan and China's relationship with Southeast Asia to emerge and expand in the new millennium. In order to address this question, the article focuses on China and Japan's diplomatic styles and domestic political institutions and examines how these two elements influenced negotiations on the formation of FTAs, as well as the evolving perceptions that the Southeast Asian nations have of these two states. The article argues that Japan and China possess different kinds of weaknesses in implementing feasible external policies – a lack of policy decisiveness for Japan and weak policy credibility for China – which have resulted from the operation of domestic political institutions. Given these differences, while China implemented pragmatic diplomacy that helped improve its policy credibility, Japan's bargaining diplomatic style did not serve to rectify its weak policy decisiveness. Such differences in their diplomatic approach have led to the differing influence of these two states on Southeast Asia.     

反倾销的经济学分析兼论中美贸易摩擦

美国对华频发反倾销调查,涉及多个行业,多数最终判决征收反倾销税,以抵消进口造成的"重大损失"。从经济学角度,从微观的消费者和生产者到宏观的需求和供给进行深入分析,认为从中国进口并未使美国受损,受损的仅是生产率较低的同类商品生产商,消费者获益更多。相反,对华反倾销不会给美国带来福利改进,由于诉讼费用、征税成本、连锁反应、报复性反倾销等因素实际福利损失往往很大。因此认为,美国对华实行自由贸易优于采取反倾销措施,减少贸易摩擦。