煤层瓦斯的赋存因素及涌出量预测

煤矿安全生产的一个重大问题就是矿井瓦斯,瓦斯涌出量的准确预测是煤矿通风系统优化及制定合理瓦斯防治措施的前提条件,禹州市富山煤矿矿井瓦斯随着煤层埋藏深度的增加,瓦斯涌出量将会增大,采区正常生产期间为1个回采工作面、2个煤巷掘进工作面,因此,计算得出生产采区相对瓦斯涌出量为4.43m3/t,绝对瓦斯涌出量为2.77m3/min。     

高瓦斯矿井地质工作探析

近年来,我国煤矿安全生产事故虽有所下降,但仍经常发生,给人民生命财产带来巨大损失,在所发生的煤矿事故中,瓦斯灾害占有较大的比重。实践证明,瓦斯是可控可防的,做好高瓦斯矿井的地质预测预报工作,是避免瓦斯灾害事故发生的关键。本文探究了高瓦斯矿井的地质工作方法,对提高瓦斯治理工作水平,防止瓦斯事故的发生具有一定的指导意义。     

对东非地区油气资源形势的认识与思考

东非地区油气资源丰富,潜力巨大但整体勘探程度低。近年来,该地区不断有重大油气发现,勘探活动增加,东非国家也加快了油气对外合作的步伐,制定外资鼓励政策,加快基础设施建设。我国应加强对东非地区油气地质综合研究力度,完善油气投资评价标准和风险管控机制,投资领域兼顾上下游一体化发展,采取多种合作形式,加大对东非地区的油气投资合作力度,将该地区建成我国新的重要境外油气合作区和进口来源地。     

An analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions profile of airlines flying the Australian international market

International commercial flights (with the exception of flights between countries in European Union including Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein) are currently not subject to greenhouse gas emission reduction regulation. To formulate effective and efficiency policy to manage greenhouse gas emissions from air transport, policy makers need to determine the emissions profiles of all airlines currently flying into their country or region. In this paper, we use 2012 data on airlines' aircraft characteristics, passenger load and cargo load (obtained from statistics reported by Australian Government Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics) to estimate the volume and carbon efficiency on each international route flying to and from Australia. This is the first study to use actual passenger and cargo load data to determine the greenhouse gas (specifically CO₂) efficiency of airlines operating in the Australian international aviation market. Airlines' CO₂ emission profile is dependent on many factors including but not limited to the aircraft used, payload, route taken, weather conditions. Our results reveal that the airlines’ CO₂ emission profile is not only dependent on the aircraft used and the number of passengers but also the amount of cargo on each flight.     

The Trucking Sector Optimization Model: A tool for predicting carrier and shipper responses to policies aiming to reduce GHG emissions

In response to the growing Climate Change problem, governments around the world are seeking to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of trucking. The Trucking Sector Optimization (TSO) model is introduced as a tool for studying the decisions that shippers and carriers make throughout time (focusing on investments in Fuel Saving Technologies), and for evaluating their impact on life-cycle GHG emissions. A case study of fuel taxation in California is used to highlight the importance of (1) modeling the trucking sector comprehensively, (2) modeling the dynamics of the stock of vehicles, and (3) modeling different sources of emissions.     

综合管廊内燃气管道泄漏事故现场应急处置方案与决策分析

燃气管道入廊后表现出了良好的性能和潜力,对于提高燃气管道运维安全性具有重要意义。但应对突发事件,国内现行标准规范仅在事故风机启动要求、管道阀门切断要求等方面做了简单规定,可操作性不强。从燃气管道入廊安全技术角度出发,总结分析相对成熟的直埋燃气管道事故处置技术,重点论述在编制现场处置方案过程中存在的主要矛盾,并对廊内燃气管道泄漏现场处置方案编制思路和内容提出建议。     

采用QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定农产品中143种农药及代谢物残留

为了适应农药残留分析高灵敏度和快速性的趋势与要求,本方法选取农产品中具有代表性的苹果、梨、木耳、黄瓜、土豆、菠菜、西红柿作为基质,用QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱法测定其中的有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯类等143种农药及其代谢物残留量。检出限LOD为0.002 mg/kg,定量限LOQ为0.005 mg/kg;各农药标准溶液在0.005 mg/L0.1 mg/L范围内与响应值(定量离子峰面积)有良好的线性关系;采用各基质进行了3个添加水平10平行的回收率试验,回收率为81.4%103.9%,RSD≤10.4%。本方法快速简便、经济高效,且具有较高的灵敏度,适用于农产品中农药残留的日常检测和快速筛查。     

Most-Favored Treatment Provisions as Nondiscrimination Guarantees

A firm employs suppliers who make specific investments. Because output demand is uncertain and the cost of enumerating contingencies high, the firm retains some unilateral control over the input quantities it purchases. To allay suppliers’ concerns over potential opportunism the firm must commit not to pit them against one another ex post by threatening to buy less from those who refuse to discount their prices. By extending most-favored treatment guarantees the firm commits not to discriminate. In some circumstances this generates efficient and opportunism-free outcomes. In others it is less effective but may remain attractive relative to other options. Evidence from field market contracts for natural gas corroborates this nondiscrimination hypothesis.     

中国加油站行业发展前景预测

本文选取北美、欧洲和亚洲的11个国家为样本,以汽车保有量、公路网密度、加油站数量、燃油零售量等数据为基础,通过与我国的相关情况进行了比较,分析了部分发达国家加油站行业的发展历程和影响因素,据此对2020年我国加油站的数量进行了预测,并对加油站行业的发展前景做出了预测分析,提出加油站向服务站转化是大势所趋,非油品业务将引导加油站行业的发展;市场和油价的放开决定加油站行业发展的进程,国家的政策导向对加油站行业发展产生决定性的影响。     

油气回收技术浅析

油品蒸发损耗不仅污染环境,影响环境保护,也是能源的极大浪费.作者阐述了几种目前比较成熟的油气回收技术,并通过对各自回收机理的分析比较,指出了他们的优缺点,从而得到各种技术综合应用的经验,为今后的技术开发指出方向.