迈向可持续发展的宁夏回族自治区

改革开放以来,特别是实施西部大开发战略以来,宁夏回族自治区在经济社会发展、生态环境建设、民族团结等方面,都取得了举世瞩目的成就。文章从地理学角度,对宁夏的基础建设,资源优势转化,城乡关系和区域关系,生态修复和环境保护等作一鸟瞰,并从宁夏与全国平均水平、东部经济发展差距的视角,指示宁夏走向协调、可持续发展,首先应尽快实现人均基本公共服务达到全国平均水平的目标。     

浅谈事业单位绩效工资改革存在的问题

绩效工资是事业单位现行工资制度的重要内容。事业单位绩效工资的顺利实施,对于深化分配制度改革,合理拉开不同岗位、技术职务之间的工资差距,理顺分配关系,调动事业单位工作人员积极性和创造性,促进社会事业健康持续发展具有重要意义。     

缩小我国城乡差距的根本途径

城乡经济运行理论认为：居民不论是居于城市还是农村,其经济收益应该是相等的。但实际上我国城乡差距悬殊,缩小城乡差距的现有措施成效不佳,且城乡差距仍在扩大。通过对现有的缩小城乡差距的理论进行反思,发现导致城乡差距的主要原因是城乡政策不同,城乡劳动力不能自由流动,解决城乡差距的根本途径是统筹城乡政策和保障生产要素自由流动。     

Lags and Leads in Life Satisfaction in Korea: When Gender Matters

Using detailed longitudinal data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) from 1998 to 2008, this paper finds significant gender differences in impacts as well as adaptation patterns to major life and labor market events in Korea. Men remain on a higher happiness level throughout marriage, while women return to their baseline happiness within only two years. Consequently, men suffer more from divorce and the death of a spouse. This marital gender happiness gap is equivalent to a (husband only) increase of annual per capita household income of approximately US$17,800. The study further finds that men suffer more from unemployment. Results are robust to the inclusion of multiple simultaneous events and the use of different estimators.     

Life course pathways to business start-up

We explore how socially embedded life courses of individuals within Britain affect the resources they have available and their capacity to apply those resources to start-up. We propose that there will be common pathways to entrepreneurship from privileged resource ownership and test our propositions by modelling a specific life course framework, based on class and gender. We operationalize our model employing 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and event history random effect logistic regression modelling. Our hypotheses receive broad support. Business start-up in Britain is primarily made from privileged class backgrounds that enable resource acquisition and are a means of reproducing or defending prosperity. The poor avoid entrepreneurship except when low household income threatens further downward mobility and entrepreneurship is a more attractive option. We find that gendered childcare responsibilities disrupt class-based pathways to entrepreneurship. We interpret the implications of this study for understanding entrepreneurship and society and suggest research directions.     

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EARLY ISLAM

The absence of female leaders in business and public life is conspicuous in Islamic societies. One explanation may be that Islam imposes legal and social inequality on men and women. However, a comparison of female entrepreneurship in pre‐Islamic society and in Mohammed's era shows that women occupied leadership roles before and after the establishment of Islam. Mohammed's wives were commercially astute, and Mohammed and his contemporaries respected the rights of women to make decisions regarding finances, matrimony and religious affiliation. The right of women to assume public leadership roles is compatible with Islam.     

公众期望与会计信息真实性的关联分析

公众对会计的期望与对会计行为的认识之间存在期望差距,基于不同期望水平对会计信息失真现象所作的分类揭示了会计信息真实性的内涵。通过公众期望与会计信息真实性的关联分析可以发现,加强公众与会计界的沟通理解以及强化会计信息失真的治理,是解决会计信息真实性问题的有效途径。     

中国城乡居民收入差距的制约因素和缩小路径——基于收入结构视角的实证研究

利用2000—2012年中国全国及31个省(自治区、直辖市)的年度数据,测度了全国和各省区的城乡居民在收入结构中分项收入上的差距对其城乡居民总收入差距的影响方向和影响程度。结果显示:无论从全国层面还是省际层面来看,城乡居民在工资性收入、家庭经营纯收入、转移性收入和财产性收入上的差距较大,与城乡居民总收入差距的发展趋势不一致;不同分项收入对总收入差距的作用效果不同、影响性质相异;城乡居民在财产性收入、工资性收入和转移性收入上差距的拉大是导致城乡居民总收入差距扩大的主要原因,而经营性收入差距的缩小可有效缩小城乡居民总收入差距。最后提出进一步缩小城乡居民收入差距、优化城乡居民收入结构的政策建议。     

Do unfair perceived own pay and top managers’ pay erode satisfaction with democracy?

Many people are relatively unsatisfied with the democratic system as it currently exists. In this empirical research note, the authors present evidence that German workers, who perceive their own pay or top managers’ pay as unfair, are on average significantly less happy with the democracy in Germany. Thus, fairness perceptions in the labour market and of income inequality seem to have spillover effects on the overall satisfaction with the democratic system.     

Gender and entrepreneurial success: evidence from survey data

A wealth of studies have contributed to the literature on gender differences in entrepreneurial success, but most lack key controls that aid in determining that success. Scale of the entrepreneur’s business is often not accounted for, and no studies to the author’s knowledge approach the gender comparison by specifically utilizing a sample of entrepreneur-only managed businesses. This allows for a direct comparison between individual entrepreneurs’ performance by gender, without the confounding heterogeneity that workforces may introduce. Data are taken from a national US survey of individuals, and model specifications include a number of important but oftentimes unavailable controls that have never before been used in conjunction. Female and male entrepreneurial success are statistically equal after controlling for risk preferences, intelligence, start-up capital, prior industry experience and hours worked at the business. Alternative specifications and sensitivity checks confirm and expand on these results.