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141.
There is growing concern that failure to acknowledge the risk and uncertainty surrounding ecosystem services (ES) delivery could have adverse effects on support for ES policy intervention in the long run. However, acknowledging risk may reduce support for policy interventions in the short term. In this paper, we sought to determine whether willingness-to-pay (WTP) for urban forest ES in Southampton, UK is affected by objective and subjective uncertainty surrounding ES delivery. We conducted a discrete choice experiment with a split sample design: one with a scenario specifying risky ES outcomes and one where zero risk was implied. Respondents’ subjective certainty surrounding the provision of ES was determined before and after the choice questions. Despite respondents’ risk aversion, introducing an objective likelihood attribute did not reduce WTP compared to the scenario with implied certain ES outcomes. Furthermore, whilst WTP for the overall scheme was found to be adversely affected by the presence of risk around ES outcomes, subjective uncertainty seemed to reduce WTP more than objective probabilities. Our results therefore support the idea that both objective probabilities and subjective uncertainty should be explicitly incorporated in the design of stated preference studies for ES valuation. 相似文献
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143.
Pik Kun Liew 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2007,15(5):724-740
This paper focuses on the corporate governance reforms in Malaysia since the 1997/1998 Asian financial crisis. Drawing upon ten in‐depth semi‐structured interviews conducted with leading players who were highly involved in Malaysia's corporate governance development, together with a review of the literature in this area, the paper offers evidence on the meaning of corporate governance in the Malaysian context, the factors behind the recent reforms and views on the appropriate corporate governance system for Malaysia. While it is shown that Malaysia's corporate governance reforms has modelled on the Anglo‐American systems to a large extent, the majority of the interviewees placed greater emphasis on the social aspect of corporate governance in contrast to the traditional notion of shareholder accountability. The main concern raised in the paper is that without changes in the previous problematic corporate culture, the intended purpose of the recent corporate governance reforms will unlikely to be achieved. 相似文献
144.
Nick Jans Judy Frazer‐Jans Jordan Louviere 《Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources》2001,39(3):59-81
The vast bulk of contemporary survey research is unable to give an indication of what employees will do, as opposed to what they might feel, in the event of any subsequent change to the work environment, for either the ‘better’ or the ‘worse’. From a practical point of view, this is a major impediment to developing a business case for any organisational intervention that might be considered. Recent collaboration between researchers involved in the fields of marketing and HR has produced a hybrid methodology called ‘employee choice modelling’ that simulates, models and quantifies employees' decisions about employment issues. This paper describes employee choice modelling and its possible use by HR policy‐makers. 相似文献
145.
Lee David Parker 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2007,15(5):923-934
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal complete member researcher participant observer study of two nonprofit association boards with particular reference to their internal corporate governance processes. In doing so, it offers one of the very few available insider observational studies of boardroom behaviour currently available in the management literature. Its inductive analysis reveals boards that proactively manage director recruitment and selection, board member terms and rotation, with a strong emphasis on board membership diversity and representation. A clear progression from informal to formal processes of board and director performance evaluation are observed, and a variability in board–CEO relationships is explored. Agenda structuring changes are observed to directly impact upon strategy and policy focus, while informality and humour emerge as key weapons in the maintenance of cohesion in an increasingly business‐oriented environment. Boardroom culture emerges as a potent ingredient in the governance process, thereby signalling its future importance for both researchers and board chairs. 相似文献
146.
Corporate governance is developing rapidly in many countries across the world. In this paper we analyse the existing state of corporate governance in a country in the Middle East: Bahrain. We employ a survey methodology, with a questionnaire being sent to all of the companies listed on the Bahrain Stock Exchange Market. An analysis of the responses reveals that Bahraini companies have in place some of the features of corporate governance best practice with boards dominated by non–executive directors, for example, and the separation of the roles of Chair and CEO. However, it is not clear how effective the nomination/appointments process is and directors tend to be fairly entrenched. In terms of risk management and control, the majority of Bahraini companies have an internal audit department and risk management control. Overall, it seems that Bahraini companies have a number of key corporate governance structural features in place, but that there remains further progress to be made. 相似文献
147.
外部治理环境与公司内部治理结构效应比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文以深沪两市1039家上市公司2001—2005年的严格平衡面板数据作为样本.实证分析了外部治理环境的不同程度和公司内部治理结构的不同安排对公司价值的影响效应,并分行业细分了这种影响效应的差异。实证回归的结果发现。在外部治理环境当中只有法治化水平对总体样本的上市公司价值有显著的影响作用.而在公司内部治理结构当中则证实了正U型的股权结构效应。此外.外部治理环境与公司内部治理结构对公司价值的影响效应会因行业而有所差异。然而。从整体上看.前者的效应都明显地小于后者。研究结果表明。对于中国特殊的证券市场环境而言。同样存在着公司内部治理结构的合理安排可以作为公司价值保护机制的可能性。 相似文献
148.
国有企业改革作为我国经济改革的核心,先后经历了不同的改革方案与治理模式,学术界亦不断提出各自的药方。本文力图回顾大讨论、反思已有改革、提出新的分类治理。 相似文献
149.
150.
Leif Atle Beisland Roy Mersland R.
ystein Strm 《International Journal of Auditing》2015,19(3):218-237
This study uses a unique hand‐collected sample of for‐profit and nonprofit microfinance institutions from 70 developing countries to analyse the relationships between audit quality and governance mechanisms. We examine two measures of audit quality, namely, the use of Big Four auditors and the presence of internal auditors. The empirical analysis of this study reveals that these two quality metrics are highly related, although we also demonstrate that these metrics capture distinctive aspects of audit quality. In particular, the presence of internal auditors is related to other indicators of stricter governance, whereas the use of Big Four auditors is generally unrelated to other governance mechanisms. For situations in which a significant relationship between audit quality and governance does exist, the sign of this relationship is always positive. Thus, our data support the complementarity view of these two traits that is espoused by prior research. 相似文献