浅谈三甘醇在天然气脱水过程中的损耗分析及应对方案

天然气干燥的方法有很多种,三甘醇接触法脱水是目前石油石化行业较常用的一种。文中简要介绍了中海油深圳分公司惠州油田HZ26-1平台天然气三甘醇脱水系统,列举了脱水过程中三甘醇常见的损耗原因,并对损耗原因给出了相应的解决方案。同时,针对具体情况举例分析解决了常见的缓冲罐液面下降问题。对同行业有很好的借鉴作用。     

欠平衡钻水平井技术对策及应用

通过分析欠平衡钻井与水平井钻井结合难点,提出了利用常规技术钻欠平衡水平井的工艺方法。并对欠平衡钻水平井技术工艺的关键技术进行了阐述。例举了新疆油田利用欠平衡钻水平井工艺技术完成的2口井的钻井实践,对开展欠平衡水平井钻井在油田的应用提出了几个方面的建议。     

智能温室大棚系统设计

鉴于目前中国温室大棚系统科技水平低下的现状,专门设计了一个采用PC上位机、3G传输装置和嵌入式下位机相结合的智能温室大棚控制系统,该系统可以智能地调节农作物生长所需的各项环境因数,进而使农作物生长更好,产量更高。此外,由于该系统在上位机和下位机间采用了分散控制,相比于集中控制的温室大棚系统,该系统的稳定性和使用的灵活性都得到了显著提高。     

低碳经济背景下的安徽经济发展

全球气候变化是人类面临的共同挑战,低碳经济发展方式是各国应对挑战的主要途径。对于仍处在重工业化阶段的我国和工业化初期向中期阶段加速推进的安徽省,高碳模式严重制约其未来的经济发展,致力于低碳经济发展,必将给我国经济发展模式带来革命性的转变。     

Environmental and Societal Attitudes to Working Hours in Gendered Perspective: Patterns,Preferences and Policy

ABSTRACT

This article begins from the premise that environmental degradation is a profound and present threat and that work time reduction–with an associated reduction in consumption–is one of a number of strategies that can be adopted to combat it. As a precursor to looking at how such policies can be supported, our research questions whether environmental attitudes are congruent with work time patterns and preferences. Our initial hypothesis was that those who care most for the environment would work fewer hours than those who exhibit lower levels of environmental concern, and prefer to do so. However, contra our expectations, our empirical analysis of the European Social Survey shows that those who state they care most about the environment are more likely to work longer hours, and prefer to do so. Overall, men tend to be less concerned about the environment, and work longer. Caring responsibilities, in contrast, fall disproportionately on women. We argue that this reflects traditional gender roles that are a residual from the social norm of the male breadwinner model. Given work time reduction as an environmental policy, the task is to influence preferences and ‘green’ human behaviour, especially among men.     

System innovation through stepwise reconfiguration: the case of technological transitions in Dutch greenhouse horticulture (1930–1980)

Although transitions are usually perceived as technological substitution processes, the article shows that stepwise reconfiguration is more likely for supplier-dominated sectors. In this transition pattern, novelties are initially adopted as ‘modular innovation’ into existing systems and subsequently reconfigure the basic architecture through new combinations of old and new elements. Incumbent actors survive these transitions through interactions with suppliers of knowledge and innovations. Using Pavitt's innovation typology, we selected a case study from his supplier-dominated category: greenhouse farming. The article makes a techno-economic analysis of the overall transition pattern in Dutch greenhouse horticulture (1930–1980) and a socio-institutional analysis of the knowledge flows and networks. ‘Innovation cascades’ are identified as a particularly important mechanism in reconfiguration transitions.     

Global trends in length of stay: implications for destination management and climate change

Abstract

Length-of-stay (LOS) is a key parameter in destination management that determines the number of guest nights relative to arrival numbers, with concomitant repercussions for revenue generation and other performance indicators. This article investigates the development of LOS for 32 destinations in developed and emerging economies as well as Small Islands and Developing States (SIDS). The analysis is based on UNWTO data for 478.5 million international tourist arrivals, or about 40% of the global total in 2015, for the years 1995–2015. Results show considerable differences in LOS between destinations, with a global trend of falling LOS, by 14.8% over the study period. However, in individual destination countries, LOS was found to be increasing. Analyses of LOS trends reveal that these can neither be explained by distance–decay relationships nor business to leisure arrival ratios. Results are discussed with regard for destination management and revenue optimisation, transport infrastructure needs, as well as sector greenhouse gas emissions.     

Hong Kong Residents' Adoption of Risk Reduction Strategies in Leisure Travel

For decades risk has been identified as a major concern for traveling. Although some recent studies focused on studying consumers' perceived travel risks, only a few prior studies literally discussed consumers' risk reduction strategies in the context of travel-related services. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the travel-related risk reduction strategies that Hong Kong residents adopt to strengthen their confidence during leisure travel. This study also explores if travelers of different travel-related and sociodemographic characteristics adopt different risk reduction strategies. Among different risk reduction strategies—“purchase travel insurance,” “bring extra cash,” and “search for latest information about the destination”—are the ones which Hong Kong residents are likely to adopt when they travel for leisure. Results revealed that travel-related and sociodemographic characteristics influenced travelers' likelihood to risk reduction strategies differently. Specifically, travel experience of travelers, age, and household income displayed significant differences in the likelihood of adopting most of the risk reduction strategies.     

中国区域碳减排责任及碳减排潜力研究

针对国内区域间贸易产生的"碳泄漏"问题,在区域间贸易的框架下采用多区域投入产出模型,依据生产者和消费者共担责任原则分析中国各区域的碳减排责任和分行业的区域碳减排责任的差异,并将碳减排责任与碳减排效率相结合研究区域的碳减排潜力。结果表明:区域碳减排责任和碳直接排放量存在不一致现象,碳减排责任能更全面准确地测算各个区域的碳排放量;中部和东部沿海区域的碳减排总责任分列全国第一、二位;中部、西南和北部沿海区域的碳减排潜力最大,应作为今后碳减排的重点实施区域。     

“营改增”试点中部分企业税负“不减反增”现象分析

理论分析与现实考察表明:由于"营改增"对服务业企业税负的影响具有双重效应,部分试点企业税负"不减反增"并非反常现象。适用增值税税率过高、企业中间投入比率偏低、固定资产更新周期较长、改革试点范围有限、获得增值税发票困难是造成该现象的主要原因。作为一种局部性的矛盾,部分试点企业税负增加现象及其负面影响切忌夸大,也不应单纯以企业税负变化作为评价"营改增"成效的标准。应对部分试点企业税负增加问题,当务之急是实施过渡性的财政补贴政策与解决增值税发票获取上的技术难题;而从长期看,适时扩大"营改增"范围及调整增值税税率水平与结构是关键举措。