Effective Risk Relievers for Dimensional Perceived Risks on Mail-Order Purchase

Abstract

This article examines the effective risk relievers for different dimensions of perceived risk on mail-order purchase of food products. The sample comprised 1,600 active and inactive mail-order specialty food shoppers in the UK. The analysis focused on the correlation coefficients between consumers' levels of perceived risk and their weight on the importance of the risk relievers. Amongst 15 risk relievers, the results implied that there are certain risk relievers attached to higher levels of importance by consumers, who perceive higher levels of risks in certain aspects of mail-order purchase. Therefore, mail-order companies should promote the effective risk relievers to reduce specific dimensions of perceived risks.     

Liquefied Natural Gas in the Baltic Sea Region

This study analyzes the liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal plans and their impact on gas supply in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Although the realized capacity of the planned terminals will be smaller than the planned one, these LNG terminals are strategic investments, as they will introduce competition that has a lowering impact on the price, and moreover, the terminals will improve the security of gas supply, though the BSR cannot build its gas supply on the LNG deliveries alone. In other words, the terminals will not replace Russia's deliveries but rather allow the countries in the eastern BSR to diversify a proportion of their gas supply.     

Energy Information Administration Provides Extensive Data on Petroleum Supply and Demand Conditions

A look at the Energy Information Agency and the statistics it provides. JEL Classification C81,C82,Q4     

天然气制合成油技术进展及经济性分析

天然气制合成油技术(GTL)应用呈现近期加快的趋势.与第一代技术相比,第二代GTL在降低GTL工艺的装置投资与生产成本方面已取得了重大突破.费托合成(简称F-T合成)为天然气制合成油技术的核心技术,从经济技术指标、技术成熟度、生产及小试等各方面对当今6家大石油公司的F-T合成工艺进行了评价.进一步讨论了原油、成品油价格、天然气价格、与市场需求一致的产品分布、投资对天然气制合成油项目经济性的影响.最后展望了天然气制合成油技术发展前景并对我国发展GTL提出了建议.     

乙丙橡胶生产工艺的比较分析

本文介绍了乙丙橡胶溶液聚合、悬浮聚合和气相聚合生产工艺的技术状况及特点,并进行了比较分析.     

高新区升级能否提升制造业企业TFP?

提升制造业企业全要素生产率对中国实体经济高质量发展至关重要。研究使用国家统计局的全国创新调查企业数据库数据,构建多期双重差分模型研究省级高新区升级对制造业企业TFP的影响和机制。主要发现:第一,省级高新区升级后,制造业企业TFP平均增加约5.20%;第二,产业集聚效应和企业减税效应是省级高新区升级提升制造业企业TFP水平的重要机制;第三,相对于低效率的制造业企业,省级高新区升级对中、高效率制造业企业TFP的促进效应更加突出。政府可借助"以升代建"的国家级高新区发展战略推动中国制造业高质量发展。     

民间金融与农村减贫

作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国一直为贫困所困扰。当前的扶贫政策,在金融制度安排方面,主要依赖于政府主导的正规金融,但由于在政府失灵现象发生的情况下,往往存在资金使用效率低下及资源浪费等问题。民间金融以其自身的比较优势,在民间减贫中起到了无可替代的作用,弥补了当前扶贫政策的不足。然而,现有的金融政策和环境还有不少因素制约着民间金融的发展。因此,应优化金融制度安排,采取相应策略更好地发挥民间金融在农村减贫中的作用。     

中国区域碳减排责任及碳减排潜力研究

针对国内区域间贸易产生的"碳泄漏"问题,在区域间贸易的框架下采用多区域投入产出模型,依据生产者和消费者共担责任原则分析中国各区域的碳减排责任和分行业的区域碳减排责任的差异,并将碳减排责任与碳减排效率相结合研究区域的碳减排潜力。结果表明:区域碳减排责任和碳直接排放量存在不一致现象,碳减排责任能更全面准确地测算各个区域的碳排放量;中部和东部沿海区域的碳减排总责任分列全国第一、二位;中部、西南和北部沿海区域的碳减排潜力最大,应作为今后碳减排的重点实施区域。     

“营改增”试点中部分企业税负“不减反增”现象分析

理论分析与现实考察表明:由于"营改增"对服务业企业税负的影响具有双重效应,部分试点企业税负"不减反增"并非反常现象。适用增值税税率过高、企业中间投入比率偏低、固定资产更新周期较长、改革试点范围有限、获得增值税发票困难是造成该现象的主要原因。作为一种局部性的矛盾,部分试点企业税负增加现象及其负面影响切忌夸大,也不应单纯以企业税负变化作为评价"营改增"成效的标准。应对部分试点企业税负增加问题,当务之急是实施过渡性的财政补贴政策与解决增值税发票获取上的技术难题;而从长期看,适时扩大"营改增"范围及调整增值税税率水平与结构是关键举措。     

Business responses to climate change: strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Vietnam

This study identifies the climate change strategies adopted by firms in developing countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. First, a framework is developed to classify and assess the GHG emission strategies of companies; second, it is then improved by using data on their implementation collected from 185 companies operating in 10 energy-intensive industries in Vietnam. We find that multinational subsidiaries engage in various climate change activities and have a higher level of implementation than those of domestic firms. Further, the most active and proactive companies are large in size and from Europe, the United States and Japan.