城市社区邻里关系的空间效应

邻里关系与空间形式息息相关.我国当前的城市社区建设,应当充分发挥空间设置对邻里关系的促进作用.传统社区改造在保持公共空间的基础上,应加强空间私密性;新型社区在保证私密性的基础上,应强化公共空间的建设.     

西部民族地区自发移民迁入地聚居区发展研究综述

本研究以西部民族地区自发移民迁入地聚居区作为对象。国内学者对农村扶贫中涉及自发移民搬迁的理论与实践进行过专门探讨,对移民搬迁与社会发展相关的社会经济问题也有研究。历史所载移民的方式一般只包括由官方组织实施或强制实行的,至多只记载了那些得到官方认可的自发移民,而不包括其他自发移民。对自找出路、投亲靠友、自行搬迁的移民,需要政府制订配套的优惠政策。自发移民无时不在进行,而这一过程却是残缺不全的,其合法性处于尴尬的位置,根本之策还是将其接纳和融入当地主流社会。西部民族贫困山区除通过异地开发、劳务输出等方式向外转移劳动力外,对于一些自发移民和短距离趋利性移民可进行近域迁移,而获得人口的聚居效应;自发移民的迁移成本与收益的相对大小是迁移与否的决定力量。     

苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与旅游发展的态度研究——以江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为例

江苏省常熟市蒋巷村为典型的苏南模式乡村,集体经济发达,作为全国农业旅游示范点和社会主义新农村建设的典型,近年来乡村旅游迅速发展。从蒋巷村居民参与乡村旅游发展的态度着手,了解居民参与乡村旅游发展及其对旅游影响的感知差异。调查可知,蒋巷居民目前发展乡村旅游的经济、社会基础较好,积极性也较高,但缺乏政策引导和实践经验。在此基础上探讨苏南模式社会主义新农村社区参与乡村旅游发展的方式与内容,提出：可通过首批＂农家乐＂旅游示范户的建设及其示范效应充分调动农民开发＂农家乐＂旅游的积极性;加快旅游新项目建设,吸引村民参与相关工作;鼓励村民参与娱乐、交通、购物设施的建设。以期为同类型村镇的社区参与发展提供必要的理论参考和依据。     

供应链联盟协同进化的模式

应用生态学相关理论,从基因、生态位和群落三个不同角度研究了供应链联盟协同进化的模式。从基因遗传、基因变异和基因选择等层面,探讨供应链联盟基因协同进化模式;分析基于生态位的供应链联盟协同进化的强强联合模式、强弱同化模式和弱弱整合模式;给出了基于生命周期理论的供应链联盟协同进化的群落模式。     

从利益共同体到命运共同体:地方政府隐性债务的合作治理

在地方政府性债务的治理中,隐性债务因其增长迅速、规模不清和风险不确定,成为未来债务治理的重点和难点。隐性债务挟裹主体众多,关联利益甚广,因此,基于共同体视角,明确治理主体,有利于化解风险。在隐性债务生产阶段,因利而合的共同体大肆攫取利益导致隐性债务激增;在债务风险凸显阶段,利益共同体的本能选择不是"安危与共",而是"大难临头各自保"。但债务风险的"飞去来器效应"和群体性焦虑,将促使利益共同体走向命运共同体。命运共同体既是利益共同体,更是治理共同体。在隐性债务治理阶段,共同体应形成"共生"意识、采取"共治"行动、构筑"共担"保障,实现有效共治。     

联合国粮农组织在林业部门的分权管理经验

简要回顾了联合国粮农组织的分权管理经验。在粮农组织的技术支持下,布基纳法索和马里正在施行分权管理法律,因此这两个国家提供了范例。分析了政府的森林资源管理权下放所必备的专业知识、介入时机和介入策略。依据各种必备的条件和因素提出了相关对结论和建议。正是需要这些条件和因素才能确保森林资源分权管理更具可持续性,民众参与程度更高,政府责任心更强,且森林资源利益分配过程更为公平。文中还提供了如下信息:国际技术援助程序、如何帮助受援国将相关法律和法规转变为具体而新颖的制度安排,以及该领域中未来的工作要点等。     

Exporting status and success in innovation: evidence from CIS micro data for EU countries

Using a large sample of micro data from four waves of Community Innovation Survey for EU member states, we investigate the relationship between firms’ export status and different sorts of innovation activities. We find systematically positive relationship between the two, whereby the strongest correlation is found in case of product innovation and the weakest in case of organizational innovations. While aggregate data show that innovation success is increasing in firm size, we find that exporting has the strongest effect on innovation in the medium-sized firms. We also explore cross-country differences in the impact of export status on innovation. Countries with a higher share of exports in GDP and greater share of spending on research and development generally display a stronger correlation between exporting status and innovation.     

Higher skilled working tourists and their leisure lifestyles: a qualitative study of guest language instructors in South Korea

Using interviews conducted with 24 higher skilled working tourists employed as guest language instructors in the Republic of Korea, this paper explores how working tourists could secure an optimal leisure lifestyle in their host countries. Three key findings emerged. First, the respondents were seeking casual, touristic, amateur, hobby and volunteer leisure with their colleagues and with their host community members. But, the rewards and episodic aspects of their leisure, including formal and informal language development, suggested that it incorporated variations in project-based leisure as a core characteristic. Second, these respondents were taking part in guest, host and leisure speech communities that were each offering leisure choices. However, their leisure lifestyle was best when leisure, second language development and acculturation coincided in a leisure speech community. Third, that in a leisure speech community, respondents’ acculturation and friendships improved more so than in either guest or host speech communities. Also, that these respondents’ formal and informal second language learning within their leisure speech communities was essential for an optimal leisure lifestyle. The paper determines that leisure speech communities, occurring along a continuum of monetary, educational and interpersonal resources, could affect the linguistic mobility of higher skilled working tourists. It recommends that future research could examine if a sociolinguistics of leisure could assist in exploring and mapping the leisure lifestyles appearing among mobile populations in a globalising world.     

The Essential Role of Sense of Community in a Youth Sport Program

This multiphased study identifies the salient benefits that parents seek for their families from a youth sport program. Phase 1, a preseason focus group study of parents of swimmers in three clubs (N = 15), indicated parents seek a sense of community for their children and themselves, and sense of community is linked to their desire for children to learn sport and life skills. Phase 2, a postseason survey of parents in the same three clubs (N = 129), tested the relationships among coaching quality, friendships, organizational communication, sport and life skills, sense of community, parents' satisfaction, and their repeat purchase intention. Using path analysis, sense of community was identified as the key driver of satisfaction and repeat purchase intention, with swimming improvement also having a significant effect on satisfaction. These findings highlight the central role sense of community plays for participants and their families in youth sport contexts.     

城中村改造:政府、城市与村民利益的统一--以广州市文冲城中村为例

城中村是我国快速城市化背景下、城市向乡村蔓延过程中出现的普遍地理现象和城乡矛盾激化的一个缩影.城中村改造的过程是城市政府、城市发展要求和原村民三方利益主体对土地收益和城市功能的博弈过程,城中村的改造也只有在保证三方的利益得到合理保障的情况下才能顺利进行.以"广州市文冲城中村改造方案"为基础,探讨城中村改造的规划方案中如何体现政府管理、城市发展要求和原村民三方利益的共赢,提出一条切实可行的城中村改造思路.