肠易激综合征患者抑郁及焦虑程度与调节性T细胞的关系

目的探讨肠易激综合征患者抑郁及焦虑程度与调节性T细胞的关系。方法以72例肠易激综合征患者及36例同期体检的健康人员为研究对象,依据抑郁自评量表及焦虑自评量表的结果,将研究对象分为三组:36例伴有抑郁焦虑的肠易激综合征患者为观察组,36例不伴有抑郁焦虑的肠易激综合征患者为对照1组,36例健康体检者为对照2组;对所有研究对象的CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8等调节性T细胞进行检测并进行组间比较。结果观察组研究对象的抑郁及焦虑评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而对照组间的抑郁及焦虑评分差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组研究对象的CD+4水平和CD+4/CD+8值均低于两组对照组,而CD+8水平高于两组对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组1组的CD+4水平和CD+4/CD+8值均低于对照2组,而CD+8水平高于对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肠易激综合征患者抑郁及焦虑程度与调节性T细胞具有一定的相关性,可证实精神心理状态对肠易激综合征的发病及治疗具有重要意义。     

创伤弧菌诱导小鼠树突状细胞DC2．4凋亡的实验研究

通过建立Vvl_1758标准菌株与小鼠树突状细胞DC2．4的细胞感染模型,计算其感染率,并采用FITC—AnnexinV／PI荧光标记流式细胞术检测小鼠树突状细胞DC2．4的凋亡情况。结果显示：Vvl．1758标准菌株与小鼠树突状细胞Dc2．4混合培养1h后,即见有创伤弧菌的侵入,混合培养2h、3h、4h、5h、6h后,细菌侵入细胞现象明显,侵入率分别为（36．3±3．4）％、（55．1±4．7）％、（67．9±6．3）％、（83．9±5．8）％和（91．9±8．3）％,与混合培养lh（12．1±1．3）比较,细菌侵入率明显升高（P〈0．05）;Vv1．1758标准菌株与小鼠树突状细胞DC2．4混合培养1h,2h,3h,4h,5h,6h后,细胞凋亡率分别为（6．2±1．1）％、（26．9±8．8）％、（35．5±10．2）％、（43．3±11．7）％、（60．8±13．8）％和（76．1±15．3）％,由此得出,创伤弧菌可侵入DC2．4细胞,诱导细胞凋亡可能是其损伤DC2．4的主要机制。     

日本21世纪四大“终极”能源技术发展现状

日本是化石能源资源极为贫乏的国家,2011年“3.11”大地震引发的严重核泄漏事故,又导致绝大多数的核电站目前处于停堆状态。日本的能源供应正面临前所未有的压力,可以说进一步开发利用可再生能源成为日本21世纪应对能源问题的“终极”手段。通过对日本政府和产业界在光伏电池、海流发电、超导、热泵等四大新能源技术领域的投入进行重点考察,全面分析日本上述四大新能源技术的发展现状、技术流派和应用前景,以期为同样面临能源与环境两大问题的我国相关部门提供有益参考。     

Technological change in niches: Auxiliary Power Units and the hydrogen economy

In studies of large scale systems innovations or technological transitions, niches have been given a prominent role as incubators for the seeds of future technological systems. It is often argued that immature technologies rely on niches for their development, before they are able to compete in mainstream markets. This paper combines insights from economic theory and from technology studies to formulate a framework for understanding the dynamics of technological change in niches, and applies this framework to the case of fuel cell Auxiliary Power Units (APUs). We conclude that the choice of technology for APUs will be of critical importance in determining the role this market could have in shaping future developments in hydrogen and fuel cells. However, a number of factors are not strictly dependent on the technology used in fuel cell APUs. These comprise factors influencing external economies of scale, network effects, the behaviour of users and expectations.     

IBAC技术及其在水处理中的应用

对固定化生物活性碳技术的原理、特点和技术关键进行了综述,总结了近年来该技术在水处理领域中的应用状况,并探讨了该技术广阔的应用前景和进一步研究的方向。     

Public Funding for Science and the Value of Corporate R&D Projects; Evidence from Project Initiation and Termination Decisions in Cell Therapy

How do firms decide which R&D projects to pursue and which ones to cast aside? We use a real options approach to advance our understanding of how firms manage uncertainties in R&D project management, in particular uncertainties linked to the external scientific environment. Our findings highlight how these uncertainties have an impact on the initiation and discontinuation of R&D projects. We examine these effects in the context of shifts in US science policy in the cell therapy field, using a dataset on 570 R&D projects in the global cell therapy sector, initiated over the period 1986–2011. We find decreased R&D project initiation rates and higher discontinuation rates for projects initiated by US firms in the aftermath of policy shifts that increased uncertainties about public funding support for US cell therapy research. We also highlight how this effect was reversed as the US public funding outlook for such research recovered.     

Private Regulation to Appropriate Value from Design Innovations: Implications for Anti-trust Policy

Co-operative ventures among rivals are looked upon in general with suspicion by antitrust authorities. In this paper, we position ourselves in the school of thought that evaluates collusive behavior among rivals with the Schumpeterian concept of dynamic competition in mind rather than the concept of Neoclassical perfect competition. We argue that whenever firms have difficulty in appropriating sufficient returns from their innovations, certain forms of apparently collusive behavior--or, more precisely, 'private regulation'--may actually stimulate investment in innovation and thereby Schumpeterian competition. A study of firms' strategies to appropriate value from design innovations in the Dutch and Italian furniture industry illustrates our arguments.     

Detecting emerging research fronts in regenerative medicine by the citation network analysis of scientific publications

In this paper, we detect emerging research fronts in a huge number of academic papers related to regenerative medicine, a field of radically innovative research. We divide citation networks into clusters using the topological clustering method, track the positions of papers in each cluster, and visualize citation networks with characteristic terms for each cluster. Analyzing the clustering results with the average published year and parent-child relationship of each cluster could be helpful in detecting recent trends. In addition, tracking topological measures, within-cluster degree z and participation coefficient P, enables us to determine whether there are emerging knowledge clusters. Our results show the success of our method in detecting emerging research fronts in regenerative medicine, and these results are confirmed as reasonable by experts. Finally, we predict the future core papers, with the potential of many citations, via the betweenness centralities in the citation network of the research into adult and somatic stem cells.     

离体CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞的扩增和混合淋巴细胞反应研究

为研究健康人外周血CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞（CD4＋CD25＋regulatory Tcells,CD4＋CD25＋Tregs）在协同刺激信号作用下的扩增反应及与CD4＋CD25-T细胞混合淋巴细胞反应,采用免疫磁珠法分离CD4＋CD25＋Tregs和CD4＋CD25-T细胞,在抗CD3-mAbs和抗CD28-mAbs的刺激下行CD4＋CD25＋Tregs培养和CD4＋CD25＋Tregs＋CD4＋CD25-T细胞混合淋巴细胞培养72h。然后加入CCK-8溶液孵育1h,用酶标仪检测OD4so值。结果为：CIM＋CD25＋Tregs组OD。50值极显著性地低于CI）4＋CD25-T细胞组（P〈0．01）。CIM＋CD25＋Tregs与CD4＋CD25-T细胞混合组0D450值也极显著性地低于CIM＋CD25-T细胞组（P〈0．01）。CD4＋CD25＋Tregs表现出无反应性特征,还可抑制CD4＋CD25-T细胞扩增,因此,CD4＋CD25＋Tregs不只是很惰性的免疫细胞,而是对保持免疫耐受发挥了积极的调节作用。     

印刷技术在染料敏化太阳能电池制造中的应用

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的研究是太阳能电池研究中的前沿领域。低成本、光电转换效率及制备工艺简单化是染料敏化太阳能电池得以推广应用的关键。本文分析了目前DSSC常用制备方法,重点介绍了DSSC的丝网印刷方法,并对喷墨印刷、移印、柔印等其他印刷工艺方法进行了简单介绍,提出随印刷电子技术的发展,丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等印刷工艺应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的制备,是降低生产成本,并使其得到进一步发展的一个有效途径。