On the financial balance of input–output constructs: revisiting an axiomatic evaluation

Financial balance is fundamental to input–output (IO) analysis, and consequently the respect of this balance is one of the dominant criteria in evaluating IO constructs. Kop Jansen, and ten Raa [(1990) The Choice of Model in the Construction of Input–Output Coefficients Matrices. International Economic Review 31, 213] proved that the byproduct-technology construct (BTC) and the industry-technology construct (ITC) do not generally conserve financial balance. In contrast, Majeau-Bettez et al. [(2016) When do Allocations and Constructs Respect Material, Energy, Financial, and Production Balances in LCA and EEIO? Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, 67–84] demonstrated that the BTC necessarily respects financial balance and that the ITC is always financially balanced when applied to data recorded in monetary units. The present article resolves this paradox.     

全生命周期视角下的组织间关系属性

基于对450家企业进行深度访谈和问卷调查的数据,运用因子分析方法、多元方差分析方法和结构方程模型实证分析了不同的关系属性在组织间关系全生命周期演进各阶段的演化机制和规律。结果表明:组织间关系生命周期的成熟阶段并不总是所有关系属性发展的顶峰期;信任、风险承担意愿在成熟期与成长期的差异并不显著;目标一致性、信息沟通以及关系和谐度的水平在成长期已达到顶峰,之后随着时间的推移呈下降趋势;关系依赖程度、特质资源投入水平在成熟期达到顶峰;各关系属性在衰退期降至最低。     

Patterns of power distribution in managerial decision making in Chinese and British industrial organizations

This article is one of three reports about the results of a Sino-British joint research project on managerial decision making in eleven Chinese companies and ten British companies. Forty managers and twenty trade union leaders from both manufacturing and service industries participated in the study. Data about decision-making patterns in eighteen different decision tasks in the organizations were collected. The results showed that there were interesting organizational and cultural differences in decision-making patterns in the two countries between manufacturing and service industries, between management and trade union groups, among short-, medium- and long-term decisions and across organizational levels. There were clear shifts of the decision-making power across organizational levels depending upon the type of decision tasks. A model of decision power shift was proposed in terms of the effects of organizational and cultural factors on patterns of organizational decision making. The implications of the decision power shift model to the management practice in the international context were highlighted.     

建设项目全寿命周期之实施阶段成本管理

随着我国加入WTO步伐的加快，全球化和信息化趋势日渐明显，建筑企业如何提高在施工过程中的管理应用水平，已成为迫切需要解决的重要问题。通过对项目实施阶段成本管理决策和技术方法，应用现状和发展趋势进行分析，提出了实现成本控制目标、加强成本核算和成本考核的对策。     

短生命周期产品的订货与翻新库存决策模型

文章对短生命周期产品的销售商订货与翻新决策问题进行研究。假定产品的需求和售价随时间而下降,销售商仅在销售周期之初订货一次,九许顾客退货,退货服从泊松分布且定期进行翻新,翻新品作为服务性产品满足顾客的需求,未翻新的退货在销售周期末被处置,构建了订货与翻新库存决策模型,得到了期望平均利润函数,并给出了期望平均利润函教取最大值的条件及确定决策变量的求解方法。最后,对于具体例子,得到了最优的订货与翻新策略。参数影响表明,通过降低订货、翻新和处置的固定成本与变动成本以及服务性产品与退货单位时间的持有成本、确定合适的订货量或者提高期初产品售价等措施将有助于提升期望平均利润。     

BIM技术在装配式建筑全生命周期管理中的应用探索

系统分析当前BIM技术典型应用点及"BIM+"扩展应用方向,并基于某装配式项目案例阐述BIM技术在建筑全生命期建筑设计、工程施工等阶段的主要做法和具体应用,给出基于BIM技术的装配式建筑全生命周期管理应用延伸建议。     

基于DLC理论探析工业旅游产品开发

我国工业旅游起步于20世纪90年代,以企业自发形成为主。在后来的发展阶段,主要依靠国家政策、法规的扶持。通过运用旅游地生命周期理论,对我国工业旅游及旅游产品生命周期的研究发现,我国工业旅游及旅游产品开发,应坚持因地制宜原则、多层次原则、综合效益原则,注重开发特色旅游产品,挖掘产品深度,完善工业旅游产品要素结构,满足游客多层次需求;努力做到工业旅游产品形象与企业形象、企业产品形象相互促进,共同发展。     

Nature and determinants of household retirement savings behaviour in South Africa

This study investigates the savings behaviour among South African households using the General Household Survey data for the periods 2002–04 and 2008–10. The age-cohort analysis shows that households achieve their income peaks when the household heads are in their early forties, earlier than in most other countries. Although initial support for the life-cycle hypothesis framework in the form of smoothed consumption was found from multivariate analysis, a closer examination reveals that the consumption–income ratio is also smooth over the age and cohort variables. This indicates that savings rates do not follow a hump-shape pattern as required in the life-cycle hypothesis framework. While households are seen to be able to maintain their consumption in retirement years through government grants, a large portion of the grants seem to be utilised for savings. This shows that the government grants have the dual effect of sustaining consumption levels while disincentivising savings during working years.     

Marriages are Made in Kitchens: The European Marriage Pattern and Life-Cycle Servanthood in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam

Due to methodological difficulties of historical research on women’s labor, little is known of women’s contribution to household incomes in preindustrial economies. This article is the first to use domestic servants’ wages, as documented in account books from the period 1752–1805, to estimate the capital that women could accumulate during their years of service before marriage. As such, it offers a new perspective on women’s contribution to household resources. Results show that servants working for the most well-off households in eighteenth-century Amsterdam could save a marriage budget that was between one-third and half of the capital that an unskilled man could save in the same amount of time. Furthermore, servants’ wages would in theory have been sufficient to support a family of four at the subsistence level, illustrating that women’s wages and potential savings cannot be ignored.     

Green Barriers： Obstacle or Stimulation ？

Most viewpoints in China consider green barrier is one kind of non-tariff barriers imposed by developed countries and is unfair to developing countries. Different from these, this paper points out that green barriers, evolving from the background of sustainable development theory and the principle of environment protection, have positive effect on ideology, international institutional arrangement and innovation stimulation. Demonstrating the rationality of green barriers, the paper puts forward that green barriers should be regarded as the stimulation for technology innovation and industrial restructure rather than obstacles. The best way to surmount the green barriers for Chinese government and enterprises is to implement circular economy and clean production so as to achieve the harmony of trade, environment and economic development.