市场扭曲、跨企业的资源配置与制造业部门的生产率

近年来,在中国制造业部门的各个产业里,不同企业之间的生产率表现出很大的差异,而且,企业的规模分布与生产率分布只有微弱的关联。在这篇文章里,我们讨论了市场扭曲与产业内不同企业之间生产率差异的内在联系。我们的研究结果显示,在几个代表性产业里,市场不完全引起的产业内跨企业的资源配置扭曲解释了企业间基本生产要素的生产率差异和全要素生产率差异的实质性部分,并导致了总量层面40%以上的全要素生产率损失。进一步,我们还发现,地区市场分割和金融市场的不完全是造成产品和要素市场扭曲的重要原因,而企业所有制和政府补贴对跨企业的资源配置没有显著的影响。     

应收账款风险的衡量与防范

在市场经济迅猛发展的形势下,企业要生存和发展就要进行赊销,从而产生大量的应收账款,应收账款的产生给企业带来风险。企业必须对应收账款的风险进行衡量和防范。应收账款风险的衡量包括：放弃其它赢利机会的损失、企业负担的费用、坏账损失。应收账款风险的防范包括：加强应收账款的事前控制,加强应收账款的日常监督管理,降低、化解风险,建立坏账准备制度,通过转让应收账款来达到融资避险的目的等。     

2004年全国美国白蛾疫区的非经济损失评估

基于天津、辽宁、河北因美国白蛾入侵而造成的非经济损失案例研究,评估2004年美国白蛾造成的全国非经济损失总量,合计为140.35亿元,平均为11.99万元/hm2,并利用CLIMEX软件进行分析推算,得到了美国白蛾在我国的可能生存区为29省(市、区)346县(市),潜在的非经济损失将达到139 280亿元。     

农村空心化背景下的农业雇工现状与特征简析

农村大量青壮劳动力进入城市逐步形成空心化,与农忙时节的农村劳动力供给不足形成鲜明矛盾。文章在对广东省阳东县大沟镇、河南省原阳县葛埠口乡葛庄村以及四川省西充县黄竹坝村等地进行实地调研的基础上,结合2014年4月社会资源研究所发布的关于中国农业雇工现状的报告,从对农村空心化背景下的农业雇工现状的研究中发现我国广大农村地区存在雇工难、雇工费用上涨等现象,接着对这种现象的成因进行分析农业规模化和产业化对劳动力需求增加、失地农民数量增加及农民观念的转变,并通过文献研究与个案分析相结合的方法,揭示了空心化背景下农业雇工的特征即:农村空心化使农业雇工具有技能水平低、年龄性别失衡、易季节性失业、权益难以保障、工作成本高等特征,最后从加强业务培训、细化生产环节、加强社会保障3个方面提出建议以保障空心化背景下农业雇工的健康发展。     

中国沿海地区耕地变化及其成因分析

论文分析了1996～2008年我国沿海地区耕地变化的基本态势、时空特征及其主导成因。主要结论是:(1)1996～2008年,沿海地区耕地面积呈现持续下降趋势,耕地面积净减少205.5万hm2,年均耕地减少量17.1万hm2。2001～2005年的耕地净减少量为137.3万hm2,分别是1996～2000年、2005～2008年两个时期减少量的4倍;(2)1996～2005年,沿海地区建设占用耕地面积为105.3万hm2,占同期耕地减少总面积的34.03%。建设占用耕地的主要途径是独立工矿、交通、村庄与城镇建设,分别占45.03%、15.8%、15.47%和11.5%;(3)快速工业化、城镇化发展,交通基础设施建设加快,农村城镇化与农村居民点建设用地增长,以及农业结构战略性调整,成为导致沿海地区耕地面积持续减少的重要原因。     

Convergence of utility indifference prices to the superreplication price in a multiple‐priors framework

This paper formulates a utility indifference pricing model for investors trading in a discrete time financial market under nondominated model uncertainty. Investor preferences are described by possibly random utility functions defined on the positive axis. We prove that when the investors's absolute risk aversion tends to infinity, the multiple‐priors utility indifference prices of a contingent claim converge to its multiple‐priors superreplication price. We also revisit the notion of certainty equivalent for multiple‐priors and establish its relation with risk aversion.     

On the medical loss ratio (MLR) and sticky selling general and administrative costs: Evidence from health insurers

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) imposed an important constraint on health insurers: if the medical loss ratio (MLR), determined as the ratio of claims paid to premiums collected, declined below certain legislative targets, the insurer would be obliged to rebate a portion of the premiums to the customer. It might be expected that this increase in the MLR would result in a decrease in premium dollars available to cover selling, general and administrative costs (SG&A) and a concomitant decrease in profits. However, there is earlier evidence that SG&A “cost stickiness” presents a counter-effect in this instance: namely, that an increase in SG&A costs per each dollar of revenue increase is more than the magnitude of a decrease in SG&A costs per each dollar of revenue decrease. In this context, this paper offers the first preliminary evidence of the impact of the MLR regulatory change on SG&A cost stickiness in the health insurance industry.Applying the Anderson et al. (2003) methodology, our sample of publicly-traded health insurers shows evidence of significant mitigation of the SG&A cost stickiness after the implementation of the ACA medical loss ratio rules and that in periods of revenue declines, SG&A costs decreased more significantly post-ACA than pre-ACA. These results further illustrate the tension created by regulatory policy designed to improve healthcare cost efficiency and its impact on the profit seeking activities of for-profit healthcare enterprises. Thus, this paper contributes to both healthcare and accounting literature by documenting a significant effect of regulatory policy on managerial decisions regarding cost control.     

国有企业技术人员流失预警体系研究

改革开放至今,我国已成为世界第二大经济体。国有经济虽处于主导地位,其所占的比重却呈现不断下降的趋势。在中国加入WTO之后,国内各个领域的人才竞争日趋激烈。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记多次强调人才是创新的第一资源。国有企业虽然不断改革人才管理体制,但其中的各种问题日益突显,技术人员流失就是其中之一。论文结合中铁二十二局集团第二工程有限公司的案例资料,对此问题的深层原因进行分析,在此基础上探讨了国有企业技术人员流失预警体系的建设。     

Effective risk aversion in thin risk‐sharing markets

We consider thin incomplete financial markets, where traders with heterogeneous preferences and risk exposures have motive to behave strategically regarding the demand schedules they submit, thereby impacting prices and allocations. We argue that traders relatively more exposed to the market portfolio tend to behave in a more risk tolerant manner. Noncompetitive equilibrium prices and allocations result as an outcome of a game among traders. General sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of such equilibrium are provided, with extensive analysis of two‐trader transactions. Even though strategic behavior causes inefficient social allocations, traders with sufficiently high risk tolerance and/or high initial exposure to tradable securities obtain more utility gain in the noncompetitive equilibrium, when compared to the competitive one.