我国城市土地宏观级差效益浅析

城市土地宏观级差效益是指因城市在一国地域分布中的差异而在经济运行中产生的收益。一般分为城市区位级差效益、城市功能级差效益和城市规模级差效益等三部分。本文对我国城市土地宏观级差效益做出了定量分析。并根据分析结果,对我国目前阶段的一些城市经济发展问题,如土地的集约利用、产业结构调整、城市发展战略等做了进一步的探讨。     

农牧交错地带种植业中的降水利用--以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗为例

农牧交错地带在我国农业生产中占有十分重要的地位,而水资源又是该地区农业发展瓶颈。以内蒙古伊金堆洛旗为例,对农牧交错地带种植业中自然降水资源的利用进行了分析,认为由于降水不合宜,地力不足,盲目开垦和水分利用率低,存在着粮豆单产严重依赖降水且产量不高的问题,并从作物,水,地力等方面提出了对策。     

广西未利用土地资源的开发利用

分析了广西未利用土地资源的特征，探讨了广西未利用土地资源的开发利用模式以及可持续利用的对策。     

吉林省西部水资源可持续开发利用技术初步研究

吉林省西部位于半干旱半湿润过渡的生态脆弱带,农业自然灾害频繁,严重制约着本区农业的发展,其最主要的障碍性因子之一是干旱缺水;针对水资源开发利用现状和存在问题,提出一些适合于本区水资源可持续开发利用技术,这些技术不仅能为农业可持续发展提供根本保证,而且能促进区域生态环境稳定健康发展。     

基于低碳旅游理念的酒店管理模式研究

在低碳旅游视角之下,酒店管理除依旧坚持以服务第一、宾客至上作为服务的宗旨外,更需要通过污染低、能耗低以及碳排放低的服务要求为宾客提供优质服务。服务的水平相对较低,服务设施的科技含量相对较低;国际化的程度相对较低;专业人才稀缺,人员的素质相对较低;文化建设相对落后,与低碳旅游概念不符等问题导致酒店的发展以及经济效益受到影响,缺少有效的竞争力。为了保障酒店在低碳旅游背景下健康稳定发展,要依据低碳标准,制定相应的监督体系以及质量标准,同时提高员工服务意识,构建专业化的人才队伍,并加强酒店的文化建设。     

The economic burden of tuberous sclerosis complex in UK patients with renal manifestations: a retrospective cohort study in the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD)

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder in which renal manifestations occur in ～50% of children and 80% of adults. Since these often present alongside other manifestations, renal TSC is likely to incur significant costs. This study aims to quantify healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs for renal TSC patients in the UK.

Methods: TSC patients in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics were identified from January 1987–June 2013. Clinical data were extracted over the entire history and costs were reported over the most recent 3-year period. HCRU was compared with a matched comparator cohort. Incremental costs were reported and the key cost drivers by primary manifestation category were identified by regression modeling.

Results: A total of 79 renal TSC patients were identified with manifestations including chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 (with prevalence increasing with age) and renal angiomyolipoma. Renal TSC patients consistently reported greater HCRU than the comparator. Inpatient hospitalizations were more frequent for renal TSC patients (3.2 vs 1.6), but length of stay was comparable; however, 70.9% of renal TSC patients recorded no kidney-related procedures ever and averaged <1 test per year in the 3-year period. Average costs for renal TSC patients were nearly 3-fold greater than the comparator (£15,162 vs £5672). Costs increased with additional manifestation categories (£3600: only renal; £27,531: renal with ≥4 additional manifestation categories [25% of patients]). Additional nervous system and dermatology/psychiatric manifestations significantly (p?Conclusions: Renal TSC patients have greater HCRU than the general CPRD population, likely to result from progression of renal disease and additional manifestations; however, surveillance for disease progression appears to be deficient. Inadequate monitoring may contribute to a lack of co-ordinated care and increased healthcare-associated costs. Efforts should be made to follow the TSC guidelines to effectively monitor and treat patients.     

Economic burden of sarcoidosis in a commercially-insured population in the United States

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in involved organs. Patients with sarcoidosis have a reduced quality-of-life and are at an increased risk for several comorbidities. Little is known about the direct and indirect cost of sarcoidosis following the initial diagnosis.

Aims: To provide an estimate of the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs borne by commercial payers for sarcoidosis patients in the US.

Methods: Patients with a first diagnosis of sarcoidosis between January 1, 1998 and March 31, 2015 (“index date”) were selected from a de-identified privately-insured administrative claims database. Sarcoidosis patients were required to have continuous health plan enrollment 12 months prior to and following their index dates. Propensity-score (1:1) matching of sarcoidosis patients with non-sarcoidosis controls was carried out based on a logistic regression of baseline characteristics. Burden of HCRU and work loss (disability days and medically-related absenteeism) were compared between the matched groups over the 12-month period following the index date (“outcome period”).

Results: A total of 7,119 sarcoidosis patients who met the selection criteria were matched with a control. Overall, commercial payers incurred $19,714 in mean total annual healthcare costs per sarcoidosis patient. The principle cost drivers were outpatient visits ($9,050 2015 USD, 46%) and inpatient admissions ($6,398, 32%). Relative to controls, sarcoidosis patients had $5,190 (36%) higher total healthcare costs ($19,714 vs $14,524; p?p?p?Background: Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in involved organs. Patients with sarcoidosis have a reduced quality-of-life and are at an increased risk for several comorbidities. Little is known about the direct and indirect cost of sarcoidosis following the initial diagnosis.

Aims: To provide an estimate of the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs borne by commercial payers for sarcoidosis patients in the US.

Methods: Patients with a first diagnosis of sarcoidosis between January 1, 1998 and March 31, 2015 (“index date”) were selected from a de-identified privately-insured administrative claims database. Sarcoidosis patients were required to have continuous health plan enrollment 12 months prior to and following their index dates. Propensity-score (1:1) matching of sarcoidosis patients with non-sarcoidosis controls was carried out based on a logistic regression of baseline characteristics. Burden of HCRU and work loss (disability days and medically-related absenteeism) were compared between the matched groups over the 12-month period following the index date (“outcome period”).

Results: A total of 7,119 sarcoidosis patients who met the selection criteria were matched with a control. Overall, commercial payers incurred $19,714 in mean total annual healthcare costs per sarcoidosis patient. The principle cost drivers were outpatient visits ($9,050 2015 USD, 46%) and inpatient admissions ($6,398, 32%). Relative to controls, sarcoidosis patients had $5,190 (36%) higher total healthcare costs ($19,714 vs $14,524; p?<?0.001). Sarcoidosis patients also had significantly more work loss days (15.9 vs 11.3; p?<?0.001) and work loss costs ($3,288 vs $2,527; p?<?0.001) than matched controls. Sarcoidosis imposes an estimated total direct medical cost of $1.3–$8.7 billion to commercial payers, and an indirect cost of $0.2–$1.5 billion to commercial payers in work loss.

Conclusions: Sarcoidosis imposes a significant economic burden to payers in the first year following diagnosis.     

低碳经济下的中国可再生能源产业发展对策探析

基于"低碳经济"发展的本质要求,减少对化石等高碳型能源的需求,增加对可再生能源(新能源)等低碳型能源的生产与消费,促使经济发展方式由"高碳经济"向"低碳经济"转型,这将具有重要的意义。文章分析了发展可再生能源产业对发展"低碳经济"的重要作用以及目前我国可再生能源产业发展存在的问题。据此,提出了符合低碳经济要求的我国可再生能源产业发展的政策建议,具体为:提高对发展可再生能源产业重要性的认识;促进可再生能源技术创新,增强企业自主创新能力,提高可再生能源产业的技术水平;组建可再生能源产业发展的协调机构,建立统一管理的协调机制;完善可再生能源产业政策与法规。     

“低碳旅游”视野下的湖南省旅游产品开发研究

旅游业是低碳产业,发展低碳旅游是旅游业可持续发展的内在要求,是湖南省旅游业发展的必然选择。构建符合低碳、＂两型＂要求的低碳旅游产品体系,充实旅游产品要素低碳内涵,近期重点培育自行车骑行体验之旅、生态漂流探险之旅、森林休闲度假之旅、地质科考探险之旅、温泉养生休闲之旅、乡村观光体验之旅、拓展训练之旅等7个低碳旅游精品,积极策划壶瓶山湖南屋脊生态漂流、张家界森林公园、红石林地质探险、灰汤温泉城、百里侗文化长廊、＂中国银都＂工业观光、坐龙峡探险、军规训练营地等8个低碳旅游重点开发项目。