信息服务优先期权定价模型与实证分析

基于所建立的信息服务优先期权定价模型、实物期权定价模型、完善的二叉树模型和完善的Black-Scholes模型,利用样本数据对图书馆信息服务进行了定价研究。结果表明:当基本的下载服务费为3元、服务周期为一年时,四个期权定价模型均表明消费者只需要额外支付约0.2—0.3元即可购买优先期权直接享受下载服务,同时也验证了信息服务优先期权定价模型的有效性。     

Retailers’ foreign market exits over time: A strategic management perspective

Foreign divestment research has focused on identifying divestment drivers but has only rarely investigated the long-term divestment behavior of companies. This study uses longitudinal case studies to explore the foreign market exit behavior of all seven of the ten largest store-based retailers in the world that had exited any foreign market between 2005 and 2020. It considers the three main theoretical perspectives in the field of strategic management, i.e., the industry-based, the resource-based, and the institution-based view. We find that retail market exits are often connected actions within certain epochs. The resource-based view seems the most appropriate strategic view to explain retailers’ long-term market exit behavior because their exits are often triggered by their idiosyncratic resources. However, we find some common patterns across the retailers’ market exit behavior that show the relevance of the industry-based and the institution-based view. Furthermore, the study detects the recently increasing phenomenon of partial exits which can be explained by the real options theory.     

Rational stability of choice functions

Two independent approaches have been used to analyze choices. A prominent notion is rationalizability: individuals choose maximizing binary relations. An alternative is to analyze choices in terms of standards of behavior with the notion of von Neumann–Morgenstern (vNM)-stability. We introduce a new concept ($r-$stability) that in turn extends the notion of stability and rationality. Our main result establishes that every rationalizable choice function is $r-$stable and every vNM-stable choice has an $r-$stable selection. An appealing property of $r-$stability is that well-known solution concepts (top cycle, uncovered set, …) are $r-$stable, while they are neither rationalizable nor vNM-stable.     

Structural transformation away from agriculture in growing open economies

Understanding how and why economies structurally transform away from agriculture as they grow is crucial for developing sensible growth strategies and farm and food policies. Typically, analysts who study this and related structural change issues focus on sectoral shares of gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. This article draws on trade theory to focus as well on exports. It also notes that the trade costs of some products are too high at early stages of development to make international trade profitable, so a nontradables sector is recognized. The general equilibrium model presented in the theory section provides hypotheses about structural transformation in differently endowed open economies as they grow. Those hypotheses are tested econometrically with a new annual endowments dataset covering 1995–2018 for more than 130 countries. The results are consistent with long run de-agriculturalization in the course of national economic growth in terms not only of sectoral shares of GDP and employment but also of exports. We find those shares are not significantly affected by either differences across countries in relative factor endowments or relative rates of sectoral assistance from government; but the agricultural GDP and employment shares are higher the higher is the share of agriculture in national exports.     

认知偏差对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响——基于广东省880个样本农户的实证研究

研究目的：基于前景理论分析认知偏差对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响机理，利用广东省880份调查数据进行实证检验，以期引导农户自愿有偿退出，提升政策实施成效，推进宅基地制度改革。研究方法：问卷调查法、二元Logistic回归模型。研究结果：（1）信息认知偏差以1%的统计水平显著影响退出意愿，回归系数为-1.830，其中负面经验锚定和高价格锚定显著抑制农户退出意愿；（2）群体认知偏差以1%的统计水平显著影响退出意愿，回归系数为-1.336，农户正面从众程度越高，退出意愿越强；（3）功能认知偏差以1%的统计水平显著负向影响退出意愿，回归系数为-0.782，高程度的保障、经济、心理功能感知显著降低农户退出意愿。研究结论：由于存在锚定、从众、禀赋效应，农户在宅基地退出行为决策中易形成信息、群体、功能认知偏差，最终影响其退出意愿。据此，增强农户宅基地退出意愿重点要从削弱负面经验锚定的抑制作用、发挥正面从众心理的促进作用、减轻禀赋效应和高价格锚定的负面影响三方面着手，加强信息化的基层动员宣传力度，发挥正向化的群体规范引导效用，制定多元化的退出补偿标准体系。     

经济政策不确定性对美国木质林产品进口贸易的影响

在按照木质林产品HS六分位测算美国木质林产品16个主要进口来源国的进口拓展边际和集约边际的基础上，基于2001—2018年美国及其木质林产品16个主要进口来源国的经济政策不确定指数以及相关数据，利用构建的贸易引力扩展模型，分析经济政策不确定性对美国木质林产品进口贸易额、拓展边际和集约边际的影响。结果表明：经济政策不确定性对美国木质林产品进口贸易额和进口集约边际的影响显著为负，对进口拓展边际的影响为负向不显著；美国人均GDP、进口来源国人均GDP、美元实际有效汇率指数、美国经济自由度指数、进口来源国贸易开放度、进口来源国森林认证等也对美国木质林产品进口贸易额、进口拓展边际和集约边际产生不同程度和方向的影响。鉴于美国是世界上最大的木质林产品进口市场，也是中国木质林产品最主要的出口目的国，根据研究结果，提出树立风险意识、降低出口市场集中度、加强新产品研发、提高产品附加值、突破绿色壁垒限制等建议。     

New insights into the role of global factors in BRICS stock markets: A quantile cointegration approach

Because of the acceleration in marketization and globalization, stock markets in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries are affected by various global factors, for example, oil prices, gold prices, global stock market volatility, global economic policy uncertainty, financial stress, and investor sentiment. This paper offers new insights into the short- and long-run linkages between global factors and BRICS stock markets by applying the quantile autoregressive distributed lags (QARDL) approach. This novel methodology enables us to test short- and long-run linkages accounting for distributional asymmetry. That is, the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the global factors and BRICS stock prices depends on market conditions. Our empirical results show that the effects of gold prices and global stock market volatility on BRICS stock prices are more significant in the long run than in the short run. A decrease in global stock market volatility is associated with higher stock prices, while gold prices demonstrate upward co-movement in dynamic correlations with stock markets. Irrational factors, such as economic policy uncertainty, financial stress, and investor sentiment, play a critical role in the short term, and negative interdependence is dominant. Finally, the rolling-window estimation technique is used to examine time-varying patterns between major global factors and BRICS stock markets.     

Exploring household financial strain dynamics

Rising energy and food prices are causing living standards to fall across Europe and straining household budgets. The longer-term outlook for households is unclear as the dynamics of financial strain are not well understood. We address four important research questions on financial strain dynamics by applying a dynamic random coefficients probit model with duration and occurrence dependence to De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) Household Survey panel data. We find no evidence that households become habituated or sensitised to financial strain over time unlike in studies of responses to stress. Entry into household financial strain is less likely when the household can cope by increasing earnings from work or by borrowing from family and friends but not by the economically inactive entering employment. Our third result is that the persistence of financial strain can be explained by a mutually-enforcing negative cycle through worse health but not through marital conflict or more short-sighted and risk averse decision-making. Finally, we find that neither income or wealth shocks affect financial strain in contrast to other studies. Further research into understanding the experience of financial hardship is warranted in the light of the economic challenges caused by the current cost of living crisis.     

门头沟乡村旅游新型业态发展类型研究

在北京市发展8种乡村旅游新型业态的基础之上,发展门头沟乡村旅游新型业态,促进门头沟乡村旅游产品的发展与升级。本文分析了门头沟乡村旅游资源现状,总结并提出了门头沟乡村旅游新型业态主要类型,阐述了门头沟乡村旅游新型业态产品发展方向。