资产证券化:西部大开发突破资本瓶颈制约的新视角

资本是经济运行的血液，资产证券化是金融领域最重要的金融创新，其发行的资产支撑证券是当今资本市场中发展最快、最具活力的金融产品。西部大开发面临的瓶颈制约因素是启动资本短缺。本文提出资产证券化是突破这一瓶颈的新视角，阐述了资产证券化对西部大开发融资的战略性支持；并针对目前情况对资产证券化实践的基本条件进行了可行性分析。     

反向抵押贷款及其在中国的可行性

“反向抵押贷款“是一种较新的金融工具,特别适合有住房所有权的老年人.本文分析了反向抵押贷款的特性、种类及借贷双方面临的风险,研究了反向抵押贷款在中国的可行性及将其运用到中国市场上需要考虑的主要方面.反向抵押贷款是养老问题的一个很好解决办法,同时扩大老年人的消费,促进房地产市场的发展,减轻国家财政压力等.     

次贷危机背景下美国财政政策走势的预测——基于凯恩斯主义视角的一个分析

次贷危机爆发的根源一直是学术界争论的焦点.对战后六十多年来美国财政政策历史沿革的考察,美国每当遇到经济增长放缓、有步入衰退的危险时,政府都会遵循凯恩斯主义的赤字财政理论,利用财政工具扩大有效需求,同时还会在一定程度上对经济长期增长率的提高进行财政投入.次贷危机爆发是与美国政府多年来推行的赤字财政政策密不可分的.而在全球经济失调背景下,财政赤字的过度膨胀又为政府在应对危机、化解系统风险时设置了财政约束刚性的障碍.从中短期来看,为应对经济危机的威胁,防止产出出现大幅下滑.预计美国政府将采取以下财政措施:第一,冻结减税计划,防止赤字进一步扩大;第二,加大转移支付力度,帮助贫困家庭获得工作和生活必需品,防止出现大面积社会不满;第三,在国际资本市场上发行美国政府特别债券,筹集应对经济危机、扩大政府购买开支的资金;第四.加大政府购买支出力度,且这种购买主要体现在对经济结构改变有重要推动意义的项目上;最后,美国在实行以上积极财政政策的同时,还将辅以相应的汇率与货币政策.     

我国楼花按揭法律实务及制度完善

按揭制度是起源于英国的一种物的担保制度。我国将移植于香港地区的楼花按揭加以改造并已发挥了巨大的作用。但是立法滞后,法制不健全,造成按揭市场混乱无序,因此建立和健全防范各方主体市场风险的法律机制和系统,对楼花按揭市场进行规范是必要的。从楼花按揭实务的特征出发,探讨其法律定位问题,从而对楼花按揭的制度完善提出几点建议。     

解读我国《物权法》上的在建工程抵押

《中华人民共和国物权法》首次在我国立法层面确立了在建工程抵押制度。作为一部重要的法律,《物权法〉究竟对在建工程抵押实务会有多大影响？为正确理解和适用我国《物权法》中有关在建工程抵押的规定,文章从在建工程抵押时标的物“在建”而具有的不同于一般不动产抵押的特殊性入手,解读了在建工程抵押的基本概念、设立程序、权利实现等基本问题。     

金融风暴对我国商业银行房贷业务的警示

2007年7月底,美国华尔街第五大投资银行贝尔斯登公司宣布旗下两只基金因次级贷款市场危机而倒闭,美国次贷危机浮出了水面,其"蝴蝶效应"引起全球金融市场剧烈震荡,引起了世界各界人士越来越多的关注.在研究此次金融危机的基础上,分析我国银行房贷市场的现状,从而找出防范我国商业银行房贷业务风险的对策,可作为完善我国房贷市场之个人建议.     

农地证券化、劳动力转移与城乡收入分配

研究目的:通过建立反映农地资产变现能力作用机制的城乡二元结构模型,为中国城市化过程中的劳动力暂时性转移和城乡收入分配恶化现象提供新的理论解释。研究方法:通过数值模拟和统计检验方法,分析部门劳动生产率、转移成本和土地融资变现能力对劳动力转移数量、城乡收入分配的影响。研究结果:(1)农业和非农部门的技术进步都会对农村剩余劳动力产生正向影响;(2)清晰界定的土地产权会通过增强资产融资变现能力对农村劳动力迁移产生促进作用;(3)农地证券化增强土地资产的融资变现能力,为劳动力完全转移提供生活重置成本,有助于缩小城乡收入差距。研究结论:农地证券化有助于农户克服资本约束,实现劳动力的永久性转移,形成缩小城乡收入差距的长效机制。     

INDIFFERENCE VALUATION OF MORTGAGE‐BACKED SECURITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF PREPAYMENT RISK

We present a utility‐based methodology for the valuation and the risk management of mortgage‐backed securities subject to totally unpredictable prepayment risk. Incompleteness stems from its embedded prepayment option which affects the security's cash flow pattern. The prepayment time is constructed via deterministic or stochastic hazard rate. The relevant indifference price consists of a linear term, corresponding to the remaining outstanding balance, and a nonlinear one that incorporates the investor's risk aversion and the interest payments generated by the mortgage contract. The indifference valuation approach is also extended to the case of homogeneous mortgage pools.     

Impacts of the borrower's attributes,loan contract contents,and collateral characteristics on mortgage loan default

This paper explores the factors influencing mortgage loan default and default probability by using the data from the mortgage loans of a case financial institution. The results indicate that the borrower's gender, the borrower's job position, whether the regional codes of the borrower's present residence and registered permanent residence are the same, the degree of relationship between the borrower and the guarantor, the loan-to-value ratio, the use status of collateral, and the located region of collateral are significantly positively correlated with the default probability. However, the education degree and the loan amount are significantly negatively correlated with the default probability.     

Financial Literacy and Retirement Preparedness: Evidence and Implications for Financial Education

Economists are beginning to investigate the causes and consequences of financial illiteracy to better understand why retirement planning is lacking and why so many households arrive close to retirement with little or no wealth. Our review reveals that many households are unfamiliar with even the most basic economic concepts needed to make saving and investment decisions. Such financial illiteracy is widespread: the young and older people in the United States and other countries appear woefully under-informed about basic financial concepts, with serious implications for saving, retirement planning, mortgages, and other decisions. In response, governments and several nonprofit organizations have undertaken initiatives to enhance financial literacy. The experience of other countries, including a saving campaign in Japan as well as the Swedish pension privatization program, offers insights into possible roles for financial literacy and saving programs. JEL Classification A2, G2