论商标反向假冒行为及其法律规制

商标反向假冒行为妨碍了他人对自己商标的正常使用，扰乱了正常的市场秩序，欺骗了广大消费者和公众。很多国家的立法都明文对其进行规制，我国现行法律亦从不同角度对其进行规制。当前，对严重的商标反向假冒行为，应予以刑法调整。     

民营科技企业的产权类型及管理特点分析

民营科技型企业是民营经济的重要组成部分。从产权形式上看,有四种主要类型:创业人员以技术入股带动的私营科技企业;家族式科技企业;股份合作制和职工持股制科技企业;有限责任科技企业。文章就上述类型民营科技企业的产权形式及管理特点进行了分述。     

中国加入世贸组织后外贸管理体系变化研究

中国自改革开放至加入WTO,外贸法规、政策发生了很大变化,与过去相比,正向更加标准、更加透明方向迈进,逐渐接近国际标准.但目前中国外贸法体系及与之相关的实施细则有待于修正和完善,进一步适应WTO规范.     

Missing Markets and Redundant Reservoirs

This paper uses a two-sector, two-period,spatial model of groundwater usage withstochastic surface water supply to illustratethe potential for the suboptimal management ofthe timing of groundwater uses. A ``timeprofile externality' is said to exist when thetiming of groundwater extraction by one set ofusers impacts on the time profile of wateravailability to another set of users. Theexistence of the time of use externalitydepends on the presence of importantdifferences in the preferences between thecontrol and non-control sectors. It alsodepends on the absence of the markets thatwould internalise these differences. Oneimportant implication of the existence of suchexternalities is that they can inducesub-optimal insurance investments in the formof water storage capital, i.e., unnecessarysurface water reservoirs.     

Property Rights Reform in Rangeland China: Dilemmas On the Road to the Household Ranch

This paper contributes to the debate over land tenure in rural China by extending its spatial coverage to the country’s extensive rangeland regions. Key characteristics of pastoral tenure, identified from field appraisals in western China, include group tenure and fuzzy boundaries. Although these characteristics give rise to efficiency concerns, from a new institutional economics perspective they also facilitate the realization of certain benefits, benefits that could represent opportunity costs of further exclusiveness. The strengthening of rangeland co-management may constitute a more appropriate path to institutional improvement than the establishment of the household ranch, the current goal of national rangeland policy.     

知识产权与网络经济

产权是一个社会的基本经济规则，它从根本上决定经济的组织和效率。知识产权是现代经济增长的基本因素，与企业制度的安排从而与市场效率有关。对现代经济来讲，知识产权最重要的实现形式是企业制度的安排，同时企业制度也是重要的保护知识产权的方式，法律上的保护更多的是事后救济。     

Pricing of Mutual Fund Services in Retirement Plans: Evidence from Open-End Equity Funds

Management fees of mutual funds are more costly to investors than is often realized. Moreover, research indicates that in many cases, the fees are not related to performance, contrary to what might be expected from an efficient market. This study uses sample data to illustrate the consequences of inefficiency to an individual investor. It then turns to an empirical examination of the determinants of the ratio of management fees to total assets (MER), investigating market concentration, fund performance, and non-performance characteristics as explanatory variables. All of these classes of variables contributed to the variation of MERs . JEL Classification G23     

Endogenous Growth and Negative Externalities

Received March 5, 2001; revised version received August 5, 2002 Published online: April 30, 2003     

相互制农业保险在我国的困境及适用性

相互制保险在农业保险领域有着明显的优势。然而,相互制保险管理制度上的缺陷及其与农业保险的矛盾制约着相互制农业保险的发展。目前,在我国合作意识不强、农村合作经济组织发育不健全的情况下,开展相互制农业保险还有一定困难。因此,要开展相互制农业保险,必须选择合适的范围和地区,并对相互制保险进行制度创新,为相互制农业保险提供财政补贴,建立再保险机制,加强引导,减少行政干预。     

知识产权活动的心理学基础探析

知识产权保护作为一种法律制度设计,不应违背人的心理规律。正是在现代知识产权法律制度的保护下,“天才”的需要得到了满足,才为创造性劳动提供了不绝的动力,这是一个不断递进的过程,权利人不断从中获取动力,个人与社会在相互满足的过程中获得良性的互动与统一。但是,囿于需要的社会性,知识产权保护的目的应是满足人的需要而不是为了满足人的贪欲,并且,对需求的满足应纳入法制的轨道。