论新共和主义的公民参与

新共和主义的两大分支——新雅典共和主义和新罗马共和主义都对"公民参与"持积极态度。但由于二者自由观的差异,前者较为保守,后者更为激进。"公民参与"在规范意义上遭受的质疑反映出新共和主义面临的挑战,其实质是自由主义政治理论在当代西方社会仍具有较强生命力。新共和主义试图与自由主义并驾齐驱,在其理论构建上尚须完善。     

Managers,Workers, and Authority

In this paper, I examine the case made by Christopher McMahon for managerial democracy. Specifically, I examine the extent to which McMahon’s account is able to address a series of objections against the case for managerial democracy as articulated by Thomas Christiano. Christiano articulates two sets of objections. First, Christiano argues that McMahon does not succeed in ruling out the possibility that managerial authority is best understood as promissory in its basis, in which case there is no presumption in favor of its democratic exercise. Second, Christiano raises a series of objections to the effect that even if we accept McMahon’s account of the nature of managerial authority, the conclusion for the democratic exercise of that authority by workers at the level of individual economic enterprises does not follow. In the end, I argue that McMahon’s account contains the resources to address these objections if one adopts a specific view about the moral limits to relationships that involve the submission of the will on the part of one person to another. Adoption of this view, however, appears to come at the expense of what I take to be the account’s commitment to liberalism. As such, what I understand this paper to reflect more generally is the apparent difficulty for liberals in arguing that there is something inherently morally troubling about capitalist work relations.     

Right-Wing Populism and Neoliberalism in Germany: The AfD’s Embrace of Ordoliberalism

This article analyses the ambiguous relation between right-wing populism and neoliberalism in Germany. It concentrates on the connections between and convergence of right-wing populism and ordoliberalism, a specific type of neoliberalism that was developed by the Freiburg School since the late 1920s and which the new right-wing populist party Alternative for Germany (AfD) explicitly focuses on in its economic programme. In its attempt to analyse the affinity of the AfD to ordoliberalism, this study relies on Michel Foucault’s account of ordoliberalism in his book The Birth of Biopolitics and his concept of governmentality. It was found that the AfD wants to bring ordoliberalism into service of an authoritarian project in Germany and beyond. This economic approach combines neoliberalism with authoritarian forms of government through the governmentalisation of the state. Ordoliberals prescribe a regulatory framework for the economy which is centred on the creation of a competitive order. It is meant to produce and justify social differences. Right-wing populists connect the economic differentiation system provided by ordoliberalism with the differentiation systems of nation, race, religion and culture. Thus, the neoliberal principle of competition is used not only to justify inequality among German citizens but also among European countries.     

严复的富国策与亚当·斯密的《国富论》

亚当·斯密的《国富论》对现代经济学产生了极其深远的影响，而严复的译作《原富》也给当时的中国带来了西方最新的思潮，启发了国人的心智。通过比较亚当·斯密的《国富论》原文和严复的译作《原富》，从经济自由主义、反重商主义和最小政府三个方面，研究二者之间的异同点，在更深层次上把握严复对于亚当·斯密观点的传承和发展，从而探究严复的富国策。     

敲醒自由通约的迷梦——历史唯物主义视域下现代西方公民身份理论批判

现代西方公民身份理论讲求个体作为共同体成员的资格具有平等性,由此试图将公民身份打造成能够通约个体自由的公分母.但无论是在自由主义公民身份观还是在共和主义公民身份观的指导下,资本主义社会中公民身份的发展都不可能实现通约自由的目标.从历史唯物主义的角度来看,现代西方公民身份理论面临的最大问题就是无视市民社会中存在的阶级分野,因而只能沦为空想. 由于现代西方公民身份理论近年来在我国颇为热门,因此更需要站稳历史唯物主义的理论立场对其展开批判.     

What Was ‘New’ About Neoliberalism?

This article advances an interpretation of the core contribution of neoliberalism to the liberal tradition. At the hands of neoliberal thinkers, the classical liberalism of Locke, Smith and Mill underwent a reconstruction involving certain re‐conceptualisations of individual and political freedom, which served to shift the crux of the case for classical liberalism from market success propositions to government failure propositions.     

INSPECTING THE FOUNDATIONS OF LIBERALISM

Liberal justice is rooted in a system of conventions. They arise spontaneously as behavioural equilibria that bring mutual advantage to those adopting them. They protect life, limb, property and the pursuit of peaceful purposes, and require the fulfilment of reciprocal promises. Collective choice, where some impose choices on others who submit, violates liberal justice and reduces the set of freedoms. Liberalism and democracy are incompatible as organising principles and 'liberal democracy' is a contradiction in terms.     

目前金融和经济危机:新自由主义的资本主义的体制危机

2008年从美国开始的金融和经济危机表明了资本主义新自由主义模式的体制危机开始出现。新自由主义模式在过去几十年促进了一系列长期的经济扩张,但在发展过程中也为这次体制危机埋下了根源。历史表明,未来的经济结构中,政府在经济中所起的作用将会扩大。     

全球化、失衡的双重运动与“内嵌的自由主义”——基于微观层面的探讨

基于微观层面探讨内嵌的自由主义困境之成因,作者试图提供一种自下而上的解释。分析表明,内嵌的自由主义之所以陷入困境,并非由于它在效率方面不尽如人意,也不能简单地将其归因于全球化的影响。事实上,内嵌的自由主义与新自由主义对应着两种不同性质的全球化。在两种全球化的不同际遇背后,折射出的是从内嵌到脱嵌的根本性转变。两者之争,其本质并非经济效率之争,而是政治力量之争。内嵌的自由主义困境之根源在于双重运动的失衡,即国内政治力量的消长与政治格局的根本性变化。如果人们希望政治钟摆回到一种在推动国际自由化进程的同时亦注重社会保护的状态,就必须期望双重运动的失衡将得到纠正。     

Pop‐management literature: popular business press and management culture in Brazil

As in other emerging countries, the 1990s in Brazil were characterized by profound economic changes. The business press reflected and influenced this process. Newspapers and magazines grew and assumed an important role, disseminating values associated with neoliberalism and managerialism. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the content produced by this media and how the readership reacts to this content. To accomplish these objectives, we used the method of fantasy theme analysis (Bormann, 1972) to analyze four business magazines, and we discuss how Brazilian culture mediates the assimilation of foreign ideas and managerial expertise. Our study also helps to understand how the pop‐management literature, disseminated by the business press, echoes and reinforces managerialism and management culture. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.