近代华北乡村教育的变迁

近代华北的乡村教育，经历了由旧式教育至新式教育的转变，其组织形式也发生了巨大的变化。旧式教育曾经对古典文化的传播起过不可替代的作用，然而，在近代，它已极不适应社会的发展，成为了新式教育的障碍。新式教育是在同旧式教育的斗争中发展起来的，这一过程也是农民对新式教育由敌视到接受的过程。总之，近代华北乡村教育仍然相当落后，要使乡村教育有重大发展，关键在于改善农民生活条件以及转变农民忽视教育的观念。     

Politicization and 'company-ization'—on institutional affiliation and confusion in the organizational world

The complexity of formal organizations in modern societies is explored by making reference to two institutionalized organizational types: The 'political organization' and the 'company'. These types differ to how organizational environments and inner workings are constructed. They regulate how actual organizations can be formed. But the regulation is far from perfect: many organizations contain elements from both types. Organizations are politicized and 'company-ized'. This 'institutional confusion' may arise by processes in which organizations imitate individual features of other organizations, in which they unsuccessfully try to realize one of the types or in which they adapt to changing external conditions.     

Perspectives on the implementation of employee rights programs

In the past decade, employee rights have been an increasingly important and complex issue. This paper examines the benefits of successfully implementing employee rights programs and outlines factors that influence effective implementation. This includes a discussion of three general organizational approaches to employee rights issues and contextual factors that influence successful implementation of employee rights programs.Never in American history has there been so much confusion over the prerogatives of managers to manage and the rights of their subordinates to be managed within limits. On this point, if nothing else, there is complete agreement... (Ewing, 1983, p. 1)     

THEORIES OF NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS

Abstract. As thoughtful modelling and empirical research of non-profit enterprises continues to grow, two general views of non-profit organizations are emerging: one view is that non-profit firms are inefficient and wasteful; another view is that non-profit firms are a response to market failure, and, thus, may improve efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical and empirical work that represents the current divided state of thinking in this area.     

Using data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency of non-profit organizations: A critical evaluation

This study examines the potential effects of variable set expansion and data variations upon the efficiency scores generated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. It was found that variable set expansion (either through disaggregation of existing variables or addition of new factors) should produce an upward trend in efficiency scores. In addition, ample opportunity exists for ‘decision-making units’ to increase their efficiency scores through manipulation of reported data. In real-world applications of DEA, these problems must be resolved as much as possible (e.g. increased audit of data) in order to improve DEA's practical usefulness and reliability.     

加快实施知识管理促进传统企业向学习型组织转化

作为企业管理创新的一种成果——知识管理，在知识经济时代更加激烈的市场竞争和经营环境更为不确定性情况下，发挥了重要的作用。随着知识管理时代的到来，企业知识管理被提到议事日程，而又即将成为管理学一个热门的前沿领域，本文重点从知识管理和组织学习两方面，结合中国企业的发展和管理情况，系统地阐述了知识经济条件下企业的学习，并指出建设学习型组织中应注意到的一些问题。     

Entrepreneurship and Ethics: A Literature Review

During the past twenty years, there has been an explosion of new interest in entrepreneurs and their activities. Yet only recently has serious research attention been devoted to the ethical problems encountered by entrepreneurs and their organizations. Entrepreneurs face uniquely complex moral problems related to basic fairness, personnel and customer relationships, distribution dilemmas, and other challenges. This essay surveys contemporary research in entrepreneurial ethics, examines the kinds of ethical dilemmas entrepreneurs confront, identifies major research topics and methodological approaches, and discusses possible directions for future research.     

Sexual harassment in organizations

Sexual harassment is now recognized as a potential problem for most organizations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the various aspects of sexual harassment as a problem: its definition (including both the economic injury and hostile environment types of harassment), its characteristics, and a discussion of how to deal with such problems in the workplace. Organizations are encouraged to act affirmatively by (1) establishing a policy prohibiting sexual harassment in the organization; (2) establishing and making employees aware of a grievance procedure for sexual harassment complaints; and (3) educating employees about the problem of sexual harassment through a combination of awareness and experiential training techniques.     

Competition,Loan Rates,and Information Dispersion in Nonprofit and For‐Profit Microcredit Markets

We describe the competitive environment of microcredit markets globally and we study the effects of competition on loan rates of microfinance institutions (MFIs). We use a new database from rating agencies, covering 379 for‐profit and nonprofit MFIs in 67 countries over 2002–2008. Controlling for interest rate ceilings and other country‐specific factors, we first find that nonprofits are relatively insensitive to industry‐wide concentration changes, while for‐profits charge significantly lower rates in less concentrated markets. Second, we find spillover effects between the for‐profit and nonprofit segments. Third, we show that the effects of concentration are consistent with an information dispersion mechanism.     

我国非营利组织营销的现状、挑战和对策

随着市场经济改革和经济全球化趋势的加快,我国非营利组织在发展过程中正面临诸多的机遇与挑战。众多的非营利组织越来越迫切的感觉到实施营销的必要。在充分分析非营利组织营销现状和面临的挑战的基础上,为我国非营利组织实施营销战略提出了相应的建议。