中国公民社会：一种再审视

中国公民社会不仅具有相对独立性、自治性和非营利性等,而且由于形成与发展特殊环境,折射出不同于一般公民社会的双重品性,从发生学视角进行审视,其双重品性主要彰显为:产生过程的自发性与自觉性并存;发育动因的内生性与外引性并存;未来趋势的光明性与曲折性并存。中国公民社会在调节经济运行、规制政府权力、重建社会资本、联结"私域"与"公域"等方面蕴藏着巨大的潜能并扮演着十分重要的角色。     

Industrial relations in South-Eastern Europe: disaggregating the contexts

This study critically evaluates industrial relations (IR) in South-Eastern Europe and points towards future practical and research-oriented opportunities in the region. A survey of organizational policies and practices has been used to explore the state of IR in both private and public organizations in this region. Specifically, the data, collected in 2009–2010 (including the latest changes due to the economic crisis), cover 840 different organizations located in Slovenia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Cyprus. We discuss the development of ‘regional-specific’ IR policies, the ‘importing’ of varieties of capitalism models, the diffusion of the European Union social model and the role of foreign MNCs in changing IR in the region.     

Organizational communities of practice: Review,analysis, and role of information and communications technologies

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) play a key role in supporting Communities of Practice (CoPs). A review of the extant literature reveals six factors that facilitate or constrain the development, sustenance, and effectiveness of CoPs that, in turn, enable generative and degenerative structures and behaviors that affect epistemic environments within Organizational Communities of Practice (orgCoPs). OrgCoPs are accepted as beneficial organizational learning structures and need to be deliberately designed and cultivated. The materiality of ICTs that is used to support orgCoPs may play a role in supporting or opposing seeding structures. The literature review further reveals five material properties that describe the relationship between the orgCoPs and the technologies used to support it. We argue that these distinct but intersecting properties are germane to understanding the role that ICTs play in supporting orgCoPs and propose that the future work on orgCoPs could be nuanced if examined through the lens of ICTs’ materiality.     

分布式创新组织中创新活动越界机制研究

从事分布式创新活动的企业必须面对创新活动穿越组织边界的挑战。文章在引入分布创新组织概念的基础上,指出创新活动越界包括穿越组织边界、时间、空间和不同学科知识的边界。在活动理论分析框架下,通过"边界对象"和"边界管理者"概念,描绘创新活动的交互作用,探讨了创新活动跨越组织、时间、空间和学科知识边界的途径。同时利用时间和空间两个维度概念解释交互活动越界现象。进而,为管理创新越界活动提出加强组织学习、合理设计活动安排和强化单位间合作的三项措施,并展望了后续的可能研究。     

西部地区农民专业合作组织发展现状探讨——以甘肃省农民专业合作组织发展为例

本文介绍甘肃省农民专业合作组织的现状,在此基础上分析了目前甘肃省农民专业合作组织在发展中所存在的问题,并提出了相关的对策。     

政府与公民社会组织在养老服务供给中的合作模式研究 ——基于北京市宣武区三种合作方式的分析

在政府与公民社会组织合作供给养老服务的过程中,主要涉及三类行为主体：作为服务购买者的政府,作为服务承接者和生产者的公民社会组织和作为服务接受者的老年人。政府与公民社会组织合作供给养老服务,既是人口老龄化问题带来的现实需求与压力,也是转变政府职能、变革公共治理方式,构建新型公共服务提供体制与机制的需要。在北京市宣武区,政府与公民社会组织合作供给养老服务的基本方式有三种：一是“以公共服务协会为纽带的项目申请制”,二是“以居家养老服务中心为平台的星级会员制”,三是“以老年人协会为载体的服务券补贴制”。这三种基本方式形成了一种特定的体制模式,即政府引导与资助、公民社会组织协调与运作、公民社会组织与社会实体共同生产与提供、社区居民和社会力量参与和协助的“委托——合作——参与式模式”。在这种体制模式中,政府购买服务、自费购买服务与志愿捐赠服务往往结合在一起。     

国外营销学界关于非营利组织营销的研究及启示

随着非营利组织数量及规模的不断增加和扩大,政府直接支持的减少,非营利部门需要商业化的营销观念已成为一个不争的事实。文章梳理了国外关于非营利组织营销的若干核心研究方向及主要成果,包括收入创造、市场导向、形象与声誉、志愿者征召、艺术营销和社会营销等,并逐一阐述了各领域未来可供研究的突破口。     

Microfinance ecosystem: How connectors,interactors, and institutionalizers co-create value

Since the mid-1990s, the number of microfinance institutions (MFIs) has grown tremendously, with more than 10,000 worldwide varying in size and approach. Despite this growth, however, the value of MFIs has been hotly debated. Managers and founders of MFIs have also faced the challenge of balancing social and financial objectives and understanding effective ways of evaluating their organization’s effectiveness. In this article, we closely examine the operations of three distinct types of MFIs and offer a framework of how they collectively create value, with each playing a unique role in a symbiotic relationship: Namaste, an interactor; Kiva, a connector; and Accion, an institutionalizer. Interactors build relationships with clients and facilitate the flow of information to connectors and institutionalizers that disseminate this data to capital markets, build confidence, and fuel capital flow into the MF industry. Institutionalizers disseminate innovation and best practices. Thus, it is critical that each MFI recognizes its symbiotic role and evaluates itself accordingly instead of spreading itself across roles.     

Female Social Networks: Identifying Better Communication Platforms to Advertise Nonprofit Services in Rural Pakistan

Women’s access to nonprofit organizations providing financial and community services is an issue in remote areas of Pakistan. Weak communication of nonprofit services to potential female clientele is a significant barrier to women’s access to nonprofit services. This article examines how personal networks among women in remote areas may improve the information delivery about the women-focused nonprofit projects in Pakistan. The women’s networks also play a critical role in members’ motivating each other to join the services offered by the nonprofit organizations. The study used concepts of network and social capital and current network analysis techniques. Data from three remote locations in Pakistan were analyzed using a 2-mode network analysis, content analysis of nonprofit websites, and face-to-face interviews. UCINET software program identified network routines (centrality measures).

The study found that friends, neighbors, and local schools are significant information sources for women. Most information about income-producing projects came from their spouses. Information about social services came from friends, neighbors, or social gatherings. Husbands have high betweenness centrality indicating high power over women’s access to services. Closeness centrality measures indicate that women are not well connected for exchanging information on nonprofit services.     

The theoretical foundations of nonprofit competition: a resource-advantage theory approach

Competition in the nonprofit sector has dramatically intensified in the past two decades because of (1) the increased number of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), (2) the decline and diffusion of governmental support, and (3) the entry of for-profit companies into markets that traditionally have been the domain of nonprofits. In an attempt to enhance the understanding of nonprofit competition, the authors apply resource-advantage (R-A) theory, a dynamic theory of competition adapted from the for-profit business literature, to commercial nonprofits and explain how commercial nonprofits can leverage their various resources to successfully compete and deliver social value. Contributing to the understanding of nonprofit competition and the challenge that NPOs face in balancing mission and money, this paper provides a foundation for a theory of nonprofit competition that can guide future research in the area and help NPO managers as they maneuver in today’s increasingly competitive environment.