Air passenger transport and economic activity

In the present paper we analyze whether a correlation exists between air passenger transport and economic activity at world level and for the various geographical areas of the world. Econometric models are calibrated and the coefficient of determination is calculated for each case. The whole analysis permits an estimation of a plausible evolution of air passenger transport activity and of its growth rates that can be expected.     

Advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting on dietary behaviour,physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Europe: The Policy Evaluation Network promoting a multidisciplinary approach

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality. As the social and economic costs of NCDs have escalated, action is needed to tackle important causes of many NCD’s: low physical activity levels and unhealthy dietary behaviours. As these behaviours are driven by upstream factors, successful policy interventions are required that encourage healthy dietary behaviours, improve physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behaviours of entire populations. However, to date, no systematic research on the implementation and evaluation of policy interventions related to these health behaviours has been conducted across Europe. Consequently, no information on the merit, gaps, worth or utility of cross-European policy interventions is available, and no guidance or recommendations on how to enhance this knowledge across European countries exists. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL), 28 research institutes from seven European countries and New Zealand have combined their expertise to form the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). PEN’s aim is to advance tools to identify, evaluate, implement and benchmark policies designed to directly or indirectly target dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in Europe, as well as to understand how these policies increase or decrease health inequalities. Using well-defined evaluation principles and methods, PEN will examine the content, implementation and impact of policies addressing dietary behaviour, physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour across Europe. It will realise the first steps in a bespoke health policy monitoring and surveillance system for Europe, and refine our knowledge of appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. It will contribute to our understanding of how to achieve successful transnational policy implementation and monitoring of these policies in different cultural, demographic or socioeconomic settings. PEN will consider equity and diversity aspects to ensure that policy actions are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Finally, based on three policy cases, PEN will illustrate how best to evaluate the implementation and impact of such policies in order to yield healthy diets and activity patterns that result in healthier lives for all European citizens.     

Sport participation and the social and physical environment: explaining differences between urban and rural areas in the Netherlands

In this study, we investigated the intensity of sport participation in the Netherlands comparing urban and rural areas. Using a socio-ecological theoretical model, we focussed on the extent to which the rural–urban divide in sport participation is explained by micro-level (socio-demographics), meso-level (safety and socio-economic status of neighbourhoods) and exo-level (variety and proximity of sport facilities) characteristics. We tested our theoretical expectations using representative data on 17,910 Dutch inhabitants between 6 and 79 years of age. Our study reconfirmed the importance of individual socio-demographics (micro-level), such as age, education and household income for sports participation. Furthermore, our results showed that weekly sport participation was more common in rural than in urban areas. This rural–urban divide in sport participation especially was attributed to social environmental factors (meso-level); physical conditions of the environment provided no explanation. Our findings should, however, not be taken as a denial of the importance of the physical environment (exo-level). This study was conducted in the Netherlands, a country with a high density, abundant sport facilities and a supportive sport climate. Moreover, variety of sport facilities nearby proved significant in explaining an individual’s monthly sport participation. To conclude, this study enhances our understanding of the rural–urban divide in sport participation and highlights the importance of especially meso-level features in addition to the socio-demographics. It thus may inform policymakers to critically assess sport promotion policies.     

Physical activity advocacy in the UK: a multiple streams analysis of a hybrid policy issue

Physical activity is increasingly being defined as a major, complex, multi-sector issue. In order to understand more about how this expanded conception of physical activity is being factored into public policy, this article applies the multiple streams theory of policy change to examine the United Kingdom (UK) physical activity domain. Participant observation, policy analysis and media analysis are combined to examine the ways in which the political context, problem framing and policy solutions were brought together by a range of policy entrepreneurs. The study pays particular attention to how one lobby effort in the UK, the All Party Committee on Physical Activity (APCPA) attempted to elevate physical activity to a higher level of importance. The findings show how a hybrid form of organisation made up of traditional interest groups, corporations and government insiders, has successfully decreased ambiguity about physical activity and increased both official and public attention about the issue. The article suggests that while the multifarious benefits of physical activity and the diverse range of organisations involved have contributed to momentum towards policy change, these factors may also inhibit physical activity from remaining high on the policy agenda. Suggestions are offered for policy practices at a national level.     

民间借贷融资的影响因素和发展探究

近年来,民间借贷融资越来越活跃,也容易在借贷过程中引发一些社会问题。本文通过对民间融资盛行的福建进行调研,研究民间借贷融资的影响要素,从而寻找出解决民间借贷融资问题的解决方案。模型显示,年龄与收入来源和民间借贷的需求呈反向关系,家庭人口和流动资产与之呈正向关系。根据模型的结果,提出了对民间借贷融资的发展建议。     

“三青团”基层初期的社会活动——以河北省井陉县“三青团”组织为例

三民主义青年团,即"三青团",是一个紧随国民党右派势力,积极进行反共、反人民活动的青年团组织。三青团在河北省井陉县建立组织后,开展一系列反共的团务活动,这些活动是其各地基层组织活动的反映,对研究三青团的历史具有重要意义。     

大学生创业活动特征研究——基于无锡市首届模拟公司网络交易会的分析

目前,创业教育在全国高校广泛开展,大学生创业热潮也在全国各地掀起,文章基于无锡市首届高校模拟公司网络交易会的调查情况,对无锡地区大学生创业过程中企业类型、行业分布、专业对口、性别影响等问题进行研究,为高校创业教育提供参考。     

超级电容器电极材料制备原料对比

超级电容器以其诸多优良特性而得到越来越广泛的应用.超级电容器性能主要取决于电极材料,电极材料制备原料有多种,本文列举了其中三种,分别对其特点进行描述,并展望了超级电容器的应用前景.     

陕南农民体育现状调查及发展对策研究——以洛南县为例

本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法对陕西省洛南县农民体育发展现状,从社会生活状况、农民体育参加的人数、农民了解程度、开展的项目、等方面进行了调查,并对影响因素进行分析,建议大力发展农民体育事业,提高农民素质,多举办各乡镇的体育比赛,带动农民积极参加体育活动。     

服务业企业标准化工作探析

标准化是服务业企业服务、经营、管理活动的基础,是创造良好服务秩序的重要保证。目前,在国家大力发展服务业,促进经济转型的重要时期,深人领会标准化的精髓,结合企业实际,合理组织标准化工作,运用标准化方法,对企业的健康发展至关重要。文章分析了标准化工作对服务业企业发展的重要作用,提出了标准化工作管理的职能,阐述了标准化的工作内容,对企业开展标准化工作、提升核心竞争力具有重要的意义。