资源约束与地区经济收敛——基于资源稀缺性与资源配置力的考察

本文从资源稀缺性出发,提出并运用资源配置力这一新的分析工具,对2003年以来中国所面临的经济增长、资源约束与区域经济变动状况作了分析。结果表明,市场供求关系变化导致资源稀缺的结构性变迁与地域性转移,使地区资源配置力与经济竞争力发展相应变动。东部沿海能源与矿产等资源短缺地区备受资源约束递增的压力;中西部尤其是能源与矿产等资源富集地区资源配置力与经济竞争力明显递增,从而出现地区经济收敛趋势。     

粮食直接补贴面临的问题及对策研究

粮食直接补贴是我国2004年粮食流通体制改革的主要内容之一。直补经过四个阶段的探索和改革,在增加农民收入、保障国家粮食安全等方面取得良好效应。但改革是对政府、企业、农民三者之间利益关系的重大调整,在补贴方法、标准、资金等制度设计和操作过程中还存在很多需要研究的问题。因此,进一步深化改革,尤其是建立产销区间的直补资金转移机制非常重要。     

随机型连续盘点订货模型中供应链周期服务水平的波动和优化

对存在数量折扣和运费折扣的随机型连续盘点库存策略,进行了建模和分析,设计了供需双方合作的库存策略和订货策略,给出了理想的经济订货量和订货价格的甄选方法流程,模型确定了供应链理想的周期服务水平,证明了在该策略下,理想周期服务水平对于订货批量具有相对稳定性,并分析了此稳定性对供应链整体的重要意义,以及模型近似的合理性。在这个服务水平上,确定了再订货点和安全库存,并分析了该策略对供应链各方在管理措施方面的启示。利用该模型进行库存和订货决策,设计供应链合同,可以在不伤害服务水平的基础上,降低供应链总成本。     

The Effect of Risk Characteristics on the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions from Electric Power Generation

The objective of this study is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the reduction of mortality risks caused by fossil fuel (natural gas, coal and oil) versus nuclear electric power generation systems and to examine the influence of risk characteristics involved with electric power generation on WTP. A choice experiment was conducted to achieve these objectives. The attributes for nuclear risks in the experiment included the probability of disasters and the expected losses if a disaster occurs. We find evidence of (i) a baseline effect (where WTP is sensitive to hypothetical versus actual baseline expected mortality); (ii) a ‘labeling effect,’ where, surprisingly, the term ‘nuclear’ has no effect on WTP, but the term ‘fossil-fueled power generation’ results in lower WTP; and (iii) disaster aversion, meaning that people focus on the conditional loss from a nuclear disaster, not the probability. We also find that the WTP for reducing deaths from a nuclear disaster is about 60 times the WTP for routine reducing fossil-fuel generation-related deaths.     

Technological change in energy systems: Learning curves, logistic curves and input-output coefficients

Learning curves have recently been widely adopted in climate-economy models to incorporate endogenous change of energy technologies, replacing the conventional assumption of an autonomous energy efficiency improvement. However, there has been little consideration of the credibility of the learning curve. The current trend that many important energy and climate change policy analyses rely on the learning curve means that it is of great importance to critically examine the basis for learning curves. Here, we analyse the use of learning curves in energy technology, usually implemented as a simple power function. We find that the learning curve cannot separate the effects of price and technological change, cannot reflect continuous and qualitative change of both conventional and emerging energy technologies, cannot help to determine the time paths of technological investment, and misses the central role of R&D activity in driving technological change. We argue that a logistic curve of improving performance modified to include R&D activity as a driving variable can better describe the cost reductions in energy technologies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the top-down Leontief technology can incorporate the bottom-up technologies that improve along either the learning curve or the logistic curve, through changing input-output coefficients. An application to UK wind power illustrates that the logistic curve fits the observed data better and implies greater potential for cost reduction than the learning curve does.     

中国服务贸易竞争力的国际比较研究

服务贸易是当前国际贸易中发展最为迅速的领域,已成为我国经济新的增长点.通过服务贸易的国际横向比较,服务贸易TC指数大部分长期为负值,且各行业之间TC指数差异大,我国服务贸易竞争力水平远远落后于发达国家.从制约因素分析来看,提升我国服务贸易的国际竞争力,必须重视服务贸易营销,寻求国内市场支持,建立服务贸易扶持政策.     

新农村建设:一个政治经济学视角的解析

新农村建设是对城乡经济社会发展不平衡的一个积极回应,它包含经济增长和社会发展两个层面.从政治经济学视角出发,在经济增长方面,户籍、土地、保障等制度性因素制约到农村劳动力的有效流转,从而对劳动生产率提升和农业发展产生负面影响;在社会福利方面,农民的数量优势没有转化为谈判优势,对市场价格和政策制定的影响力较小,其社会福利获取以及发展程度处于不利地位.据此,新农村建设必须对相关制度性、组织性因素进行完善和改革,部分农民的真正流转和留守农民的自发组织将尤其重要.     

加强建筑企业职业健康安全管理之我见

无论从建筑企业自身,还是行业发展;无论是近期生存还是长远发展,建立有效的职业健康安全管理体系,可有效保护建筑业劳动人员的健康安全,完善中国社会主义市场经济运行机制,促进社会稳定、经济健康发展。     

食品供应链安全问题的信号博弈模型

基于食品供应链上安全信息不对称的特点以及零售企业运营状况,针对滥用食品安全标签(如无公害、绿色、有机食品标签等)的现象,以食品生产商和消费者作为博弈方,建立信号博弈模型,分析信号博弈的三种贝叶斯均衡及其条件,得出了信息不对称情况下安全食品生产商的损失函数,以及政府控制食品安全的策略。     

关于增列审计学一级学科的设想

审计是党和国家、各类组织监督体系中的重要组成部分，是一种依法监督经济权力行使的制度安排，具有鲜明的法学学科属性。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，迫切需要构建中国特色社会主义审计学科体系、学术体系和话语体系，构建现代审计人才培养体系。审计学具有确定的研究对象，形成了相对独立、自成体系的理论、知识基础和研究方法，已经具备设置为一级学科的条件，应该在法学学科门类下增列审计学一级学科。