固本强基，加强和改善高校基层党组织建设

全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，必须毫不放松地加强和改善党的领导。党的基层组织建设，是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础。加强和改善高校基层党组织建设更具特殊意义。我们应针对新时期高校基层党组织建设面临的挑战和存在的问题，突出重点，加强和改善新时期高校基层党组织建设。     

如何认识社会主义初级阶段的剥削现象

剥削是生产力发展到一定阶段的产物，又是生产力发展不够充分的结果。在社会主义初级阶段，由于生产力还不是高度发达，因而允许并鼓励私有制经济发展，剥削现象也就必然存在。社会主义初级阶段的剥削不同于历史上的阶级剥削，它有一定的积极作用。消灭剥削是社会主义的本质要求，允许剥削存在是社会主义初级阶段的现行政策，二者统一于中国特色社会主义建设的实践之中。     

中西医结合疗法促进柯萨基病毒感染者免疫功能的恢复

探索用中西医结合疗法对柯萨基病毒感染者免疫功能恢复的促进作用。方法:64例柯萨基病毒感染引起的外感风热证患者,随机分为两组,一组为单纯西医治疗组,另一组为中西医结合治疗组。用流式细胞仪分别检测他们入院初和出院前外周血中作为各功能群淋巴细胞标志的几种CD抗原,并将检测结果与当地健康人群和这两组病人之间作对比分析。结果:二组患者入院初外周血CD8 淋巴细胞百分率明显高于对照组,而CD4 、CD16 和CD5 6淋巴细胞百分率及CD4 /CD8 明显低于对照组(P值均<0.01),而两组患者之间无显著差异。出院前单纯西医治疗组上述各项检测指标仍异于对照组(P<0.01),而中西医结合治疗组上述各项检测指标却与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05)。显示中西医结合治疗更有利于柯萨基病毒感染患者免疫功能的恢复。     

Adherence to iron chelation therapy and associated healthcare resource utilization and costs in Medicaid patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia

Background:

Sub-optimal patient adherence to iron chelation therapy (ICT) may impact patient outcomes and increase cost of care. This study evaluated the economic burden of ICT non-adherence in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia.

Methods:

Patients with SCD or thalassemia were identified from six state Medicaid programs (1997–2013). Adherence was estimated using the medication possession ratio (MPR) of ≥0.80. All-cause and disease-specific resource utilization per-patient-per-month (PPPM) was assessed and compared between adherent and non-adherent patients using adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR). All-cause and disease-specific healthcare costs were computed using mean cost PPPM. Regression models adjusting for baseline characteristics were used to compare adherent and non-adherent patients.

Results:

A total of 728 eligible patients treated with ICT in the SCD cohort, 461 (63%) adherent, and 218 in the thalassemia cohort, 137 (63%) adherent, were included in this study. In SCD patients, the adjusted rate of all-cause outpatient visits PPPM was higher in adherent patients vs non-adherent patients (aIRR [95% CI]: 1.05 [1.01–1.08], p?<?0.0001). Conversely, adherent patients incurred fewer all-cause inpatients visits (0.87 [0.81–0.94], p?<?0.001) and ER visits (0.86 [0.78–0.93], p?<?0.001). Similar trends were observed in SCD-related resource utilization rates and in thalassemia patients. Total all-cause costs were similar between adherent and non-adherent patients, but inpatient costs (adjusted cost difference?=??$1530 PPPM, p?=?0.0360) were lower in adherent patients.

Conclusion:

Patients adherent to ICT had less acute care need and lower inpatient costs than non-adherent patients, although they had more outpatient visits. Improved adherence may be linked to better disease monitoring and has the potential to avoid important downstream costs associated with acute care visits and reduce the financial burden on health programs and managed care plans treating SCD and thalassemia patients.     

Developing the Teaching of Food Technology in Primary Schools in England through Curriculum Development and Initial Teacher Education

This paper investigates developments in the teaching of food technology introduced as an element of design & technology in the 1990 National Curriculum for Technology in the English primary curriculum for children aged five to eleven years. It reviews briefly the situation for food teaching before 1990 and identifies a number of relevant issues. This is followed by an overview of developments in food technology in primary schools between 1992 and 2001, highlighting the need for primary teachers and trainee teachers on initial teacher education courses to develop an understanding of how to teach food technology in their schools. The development of teaching materials through the Nuffield Approach to food technology in primary schools is outlined together with a case study of the use of the materials in initial teacher education at the University of Surrey Roehampton. The paper describes the uptake of Nuffield Primary food technology materials as measured by down loads from the Nuffield Primary Design & Technology web site. Alongside this, there are reflections of primary trainee teachers on the impact of using the Nuffield food technology materials on their classroom practice during school experience. It concludes with a discussion of the key issues arising from the paper and suggestions for future research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

为什么初次分配也要关注分配公平

党的十七大报告提出：“初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系,再分配更加注重公平。”这个全新提法的核心,就是突破＂初次分配注重效率,再分配注重公平＂的传统理论框架,建立了初次分配也要关注公平的新的理论框架。党的十七大报告提出初次分配也要处理好效率与公平的关系,主要原因有三：一,初次分配确实出现并形成了分配不公,要求在初次分配中解决;二,再分配注重公平的某些环节和方面,其本身就要求必须以初次分配公平为起点、为基础;三,这是进行收入分配政策战略调整,实现更加注重社会公平目标切实可行的“路线图”,即必经之路。     

论国民收入分配中效率与公平的关系

公平与效率是人类生活中的一对基本矛盾,国内外学者关于公平与效率的关系存在着许多不同的论述,党中央根据改革的推进和经济生活发展的不同阶段也曾多次改变提法。党的十七大报告提出"初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系,再分配更加注重公平"。这一表述是对当前我国收入分配理论做出的新概括,是马克思的生产关系决定分配关系原理的新发展,有利于以人为本的科学发展观的贯彻落实和我国经济社会的协调发展。     

中央空调系统节能探讨

简要分析了当前我国节能形势的严峻性,提出了商用空调节能的必要性,从分析冷水机组效率提高的可行性方案入手,提出了系统节能的概念,引入了大温差和一次泵变流量系统（VPF）的概念,通过理论性论述和实际案例的对比,对两种系统的可行性作简单分析,并分别对两种系统的特点提出见解。     

Attributes of nuclear imaging centers impacting physician referrals for single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging tests

Aim: To evaluate nuclear imaging center attributes that cardiologists and primary care physicians (PCPs) consider when referring patients for single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) tests, and how these attributes impact physician referral decisions in the United States.

Methods: A targeted literature review and seven one-to-one interviews with physicians and imaging center directors were conducted to identify attributes that could impact physicians’ referral decisions. The impact of the identified attributes was assessed via an online discrete choice survey among eligible PCPs and cardiologists randomly selected from a nationally representative panel, and quantified with an odds ratio (OR) scale estimated with a multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Nine two-level attributes were identified: ease of the referral process, waiting time for tests, insurance preauthorization assistance, time to receive results, conclusive test reports, patient satisfaction, a protocol for rapid conversion from an exercise to a pharmacological stress test, patient communication, and assistance with parking/wheelchair access. A total of 410 physicians, including 208 (50.7%) cardiologists and 202 (49.3%) PCPs completed the survey. Among all physicians, a protocol that allows for a rapid conversion from an exercise to a pharmacological stress test (OR?=?2.9) and preauthorization assistance (OR?=?2.6) were the most impactful attributes. Additionally, cardiologists preferred imaging centers that provide an easy referral process (OR?=?2.7), while PCPs favored centers offering a conclusive test report (OR?=?2.4).

Limitations: Some center features that might impact physician referral decision were not evaluated in this study, if they were not easily changeable from an imaging center’s perspective.

Conclusions: The availability of a protocol for rapid conversion from an exercise to a pharmacological stress test and preauthorization assistance had the most significant impact on physician referral decisions for SPECT-MPI. Additionally, cardiologists preferred centers providing an easy referral process, while PCPs favored those offering a concluding statement and actionable steps in test reports.     

农产品科技信息传播现状及问题分析——吉林省长岭县永久镇农业推广调研报告

本文通过对吉林省长岭县永久镇农产品科技信息传播现状的实地调研,发现了其存在的问题与内在原因:政府推广机构的服务缺位,获取信息成本过高,农民自身的素质所限,导致农村农产品科技信息传播现状不能尽如人意,造成农民长期处于低科技化作业的状态,极大地阻碍了农村经济的发展,本文就这一问题进行分析,并在问题成因的基础上,有针对性地提出解决问题的若干对策。