我国公司债券市场发展模式探讨

本文选择美国债券市场作为我国债券市场的参照,通过对美国债券市场以及国内其他类型债券市场的相关制度和规定的总结、思考,认为我国公司债券市场应该由证监会统一监管,采取核准制发行并逐步向注册制发行过渡,在面向机构投资者的银行间场外交易市场交易;应该充分发挥自律组织对监管的补充作用,鼓励私募发行以发挥其对公开发行的补充作用,完善做市商制度以引导其对场外交易市场的积极作用.     

中小学校外培训机构的规范与监管研究——以江苏为例

校外培训机构遍地开花满足多元化教育需求的同时，培训市场乱象丛生：证照不齐违规办学、违规收费价高质低和退学退费投诉等时有发生。校外培训市场混乱的根本所在就是监管难，亟需建立有效监管机制。在厘清行政权力界限的前提下，本着规范与监管并举的原则，逐步建立健全行政监管、信用监管、行业自律、社会监督相结合的综合监管治理体系，最终形成学校教育和校外培训协同发展的格局。     

卷烟厂制丝车间自动排产问题研究

以卷烟厂为研究背景,对制丝车间生产特点和排产需求进行分析,提出了基于规则的启发式算法,以解决卷烟厂制丝车间排产问题。以生产均衡为目标,构建以工段为整体的倒序排产的制丝车间排产算法,并将该算法应用于某卷烟厂。经实际数据验证,该算法可很好地满足制丝排产的需求。     

Economic and quality of life burden of anemia on patients with CKD on dialysis: a systematic review

Abstract

Aims: The overall cost and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with current treatments for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related anemia are not well characterized. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted on the costs and HRQoL associated with current treatments for CKD-related anemia among dialysis-dependent (DD) patients.

Materials and methods: The authors searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, NHS EED, and NHS HTA for English-language publications. Original studies published between January 1, 2000 and March 17, 2017 meeting the following criteria were included: adult population; study focus was CKD-related anemia; included results on patients receiving iron supplementation, red blood cell transfusion, or erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs); reported results on HRQoL and/or costs. Studies which included patients with DD-CKD, did not directly compare different treatments, and had designs relevant to the objective were retained. HRQoL and cost outcomes, including healthcare resource utilization (HRU), were extracted and summarized in a narrative synthesis.

Results: A total of 1,625 publications were retrieved, 15 of which met all inclusion criteria. All identified studies included ESAs as a treatment of interest. Two randomized controlled trials reported that ESA treatment improves HRQoL relative to placebo. Across eight studies comparing HRQoL of patients achieving high vs low hemoglobin (Hb) targets, aiming for higher Hb targets with ESAs generally led to modest HRQoL improvements. Two studies reported that ESA-treated patients had lower costs and HRU compared to untreated patients. One study found that aiming for higher vs lower Hb targets led to reduced HRU, while two other reported that this led to a reduction in cost-effectiveness.

Limitations: Heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes; a meta-analysis could not be performed.

Conclusions: ESA-treated patients undergoing dialysis incurred lower costs, lower HRU, and had better HRQoL relative to ESA-untreated patients. However, treatment to higher Hb targets led to modest HRQoL improvements compared to lower Hb targets.     

Value‐at‐Risk bounds with two‐sided dependence information

Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) bounds for aggregated risks have been derived in the literature in settings where, besides the marginal distributions of the individual risk factors, one‐sided bounds for the joint distribution or the copula of the risks are available. In applications, it turns out that these improved standard bounds on VaR tend to be too wide to be relevant for practical applications, especially when the number of risk factors is large or when the dependence restriction is not strong enough. In this paper, we develop a method to compute VaR bounds when besides the marginal distributions of the risk factors, two‐sided dependence information in form of an upper and a lower bound on the copula of the risk factors is available. The method is based on a relaxation of the exact dual bounds that we derive by means of the Monge–Kantorovich transportation duality. In several applications, we illustrate that two‐sided dependence information typically leads to strongly improved bounds on the VaR of aggregations.     

Environmental impacts of commuting modes in Lisbon: A life-cycle assessment addressing particulate matter impacts on health

A life-cycle assessment of commuting alternatives is conducted that compares six transportation modes (car, bus, train, subway, motorcycle, and bicycle) for eight impact indicators. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) emissions and health impacts are incorporated in the assessment using intake fractions that differentiate between urban and nonurban emissions, combined with an effect factor. The potential benefits of different strategies for reducing environmental impacts are illustrated. The results demonstrate the need for comprehensive approaches that avoid problem-shifting among transportation-related strategies. Policies aiming to improve the environmental performance of urban transportation should target strategies that decrease local emissions, life-cycle impacts and health effects.     

我国农业产业化进程中农产品供应链管理的几点思考

通过对我国农产品供应链各环节的特点分析,借鉴发达国家农产品供应链管理的先进经验,论述了改进我国农产品供应链管理的几点思路,为提高农业产业化综合效率提出了应当引起注意的政策及技术层面的改进措施。     

农村公共品供给与农村基层组织创新

科学地安排农村公共品供给,进行农村财政制度创新需要明确农村公共品供给主体.公共品的特征决定了我国农村公共品主体需要重新定位,应该构建农村基层政权、公益性组织和经济合作组织在内的、既分工又协作的规范的农村基层组织体系.