江苏省中小民营科技企业创新发展面临困境

江苏省民营企业经济取得了重大进展,发展速度明显加快,盈利能力不断增强,经营规模不断壮大,经济效益稳步提升,竞争实力持续增强,现代企业管理制度建设取得新进展,一批规模大、实力强、效益好的大型民营企业迅速崛起,有力促进全省产业结构调整和地区经济增长,但在发展过程中存在很多问题和困境。     

Strategic Effects of Private Labels and Horizontal Integration

The present study examines whether women involved with career work have shopping attitudes and purchase participation preferences different from those of women involved in non-career work. It finds that career women do differ from their non-career counterparts with regard to several attitudes that have been related to shopping. The attitudinal changes associated with careers and the socioeconomic resources that accompany such work, however, appear to have only an indirect relationship to preference for mail/phone order buying methods. In addition, career status could not be linked to willingness to expand or contract the traditional areas of female purchase jurisdiction.     

Global Markets,the Global Consumer and International Retailing

This paper discusses the standardisation/differentiation debate within the context of the much neglected retail sector, and explores the contribution that such factors as consumer homogeneity and the creation of trading blocs make to this debate. These issues are reviewed within the framework of the required conditions for successful standardisation; that global market segments and global economies of scale exist, and that a distrubution infrastructure is available to realise these potential economies of scale world-wide. Retail companies can derive economies from sourcing, distribution and many aspects of marketing both within and across trading blocs, and should therefore begin to identify, in a more focussed manner, their new position within the international marketplace.     

The Newly Revised Process for Trade Dispute Settlement in GATT

Abstract

Trade dispute settlement has long been one of the weaknesses and ambiguities of GATT. Critics led by the U.S. have now succeeded in the Uruguay Round in formalizing some previously uncodified areas and in providing further detail in some existing formal procedures. The resulting process introduces more structure, clarity, and predictability and gives more attention to scheduling. The revision has the potential to facilitate and expedite resolution of trade disputes.     

Stand by or Follow? Responsibility Diffusion Effects and Green Credit

Understanding the behavior of private capital holders in green investment is a key to the success of green finance policies such as green credit policies. In current literature, there still remain unsettled controversies on the behaviors of private capital holders. The responsibility diffusion theory indicates that private capital holders do not follow commercial banks that issue green credit. However, the signal transmission theory implies that private capital holders may follow. Stand by or follow? We apply the two-way fixed-effects model to analyze the behavior pattern of private capital holders in green investment, using the panel data of 443 listed companies in China. The results show that the private capital holders’ behavior is affected by responsibility diffusion effect.     

Political and Interlocking Connections in the Boardroom on Private Equity Placements

This study examines the influence of directors who are politically connected and/or have boardroom interlocking on private equity placements (PEPs) in Chinese listed firms. We document that interlocked directors can significantly influence the propensity to apply for PEPs and approval of PEPs and reduce the cost of PEPs while providing greater access to proceeds from PEPs through lowering information asymmetry and information cost. Although politically connected directors have a significant role in the approval of PEPs, they are more likely to reduce the monitoring effects and increase agency problems, which lead to increased cost of PEPs and reduced proceeds from PEPs. The results also reveal that political connection diminishes the benefits of interlocking directors for firms having directors with both interlocking and political ties.     

Corporate tax reforms and tax-motivated profit shifting: evidence from the EU

This paper examines whether the profit-shifting trend in Europe during 2003–2013 can be explained by tax policy changes. Consistent with prior literature, we find that affiliates’ profits are sensitive to tax rate changes. However, we document that tax base–broadening reforms have mitigated the incentives for both inward and outward profit shifting. In particular, we find that anti-avoidance rules prevent multinational companies from shifting profits out of their foreign affiliates, whereas other tax base–broadening rules, such as restrictions on the deductibility of tax losses or on group tax relief, reduce the incentives for multinational companies to shift profits into foreign affiliates. Furthermore, we find evidence of a downward trend in profit shifting across European countries, especially when the tax enforcement is stricter. Overall, these results suggest that broader tax bases and stricter tax enforcement have successfully curbed this particular tax strategy.     

Determinants of Capital Structure in Emerging European Economies: Evidence from Slovenian Firms

Although empirical research has shown that some capital structure differences can be explained by modern capital structure theory in mature market economies, the forces behind capital structure decisions in emerging European economies remain a puzzle. We assume that, in these countries, the change in economic system, and therefore corporate governance, has been only gradual; other forces must be at work when firms decide on their capital structures compared to those of mature market economies. After identifying possible relevant factors in Slovenian firms, we show that throughout the period from 1999 to 2006, these factors explained the greatest part of capital structure differences. However, the explanatory power of the proposed factors is changing, which implies changing corporate governance and financial behavior of Slovenian firms during transition.     

The state-augmenting effects of globalisation

Recent debates have drawn attention to the legitimacy challenges faced by new forms of global governance. Privatised governance in particular has come under considerable scrutiny. This paper attempts to contribute to this debate through an analysis of the widespread critiques of climate governance that focus on its ‘marketized’ or ‘privatized’ character. Such critiques fundamentally attempt to delegitimise dominant governance mechanisms which can be collectively known as the ‘global carbon market’. The paper argues that to understand the political dynamics of legitimacy surrounding these forms of governance we need to take into account the recurrent tension within capitalism between accumulation and legitimation. This focus enables us to understand the legitimacy problems surrounding climate governance. First, it draws attention to the character of the discourses which are critical of marketized climate governance, which attack it precisely because of the forms of accumulation it enables. Second, many of these governance projects have themselves been developed in part precisely in order to overcome legitimacy crises inherent in capital accumulation, and specifically in the current context in relation to the dominance of finance within contemporary capitalism. Finally, it suggests that one of the strategies of firms involved in such governance is to attempt to overcome this legitimacy-accumulation tension in the way that automobility did in the Fordist era. Climate governance practices should be understood as a pursuit of this sort of coherence which might give rise to an ‘ecological regime of accumulation’ that aims to forestall more radical critiques that argue that capitalism and sustainability are inimical.     

马克思恩格斯工会思想于人的发展的现实意蕴

在新自由主义冲击下,非公工会组织被异化为资方的附属机构,低权利、低福利来维持的企业高增长不具有持续性,企业和政府必须为劳动者健全的生活支付成本和提供相应的公共服务。马克思恩格斯工会思想(以下称马恩工会思想)揭示了工会产生的使命和维权职能,为指导非公企业工会发展和满足劳动者的现实需要提供了科学的指导思想:积极组建和完善非公企业工会以扭转"资强劳弱"的不和谐局面;充分激活和发挥工会维权功能以解决工人最关心最直接最现实的利益问题;设法探索和拓宽工会职责范围以满足工人们日益增长的公平正义需求。