‘Therapy of the Green Leaf’: Public Responses to the Provision of Forest and Woodland Recreation in Twentieth Century Britain

This paper examines the largely unexplored formative years in the development of forest and woodland recreation in Britain during the twentieth century, with a particular focus from 1940 to 1970, when many of the institutional and infrastructural developments were made by both public and private sectors, laying the foundations for modern mass recreation. The paper is founded on archival research in public and private archival holdings. It makes a plea for greater recognition of the value of understanding the past, as contemporary policy makers plan for a sustainable future for British woods and forests. The paper reveals how the current balance required between the demands of people and nature is nothing new; it has a rich and complex history. The paper notes that after decades of public interest in forest and woodland recreation, public values and preferences are now being pushed to the fore in woodland management issues. How much public opinion will shape the sustainable future of our forests remains a controversial question.     

户外游憩拥挤感知国外研究进展

文章通过对国外户外游憩拥挤感知理论基础、影响因素、相关关系、测量方法、接触规范以及应对行为等方面进行归纳总结,结果表明：在研究视角上,拥挤研究更加倾向于社会学、心理学、地理学以及游憩学等多学科的交叉研究;在研究内容上,拥挤与规范的结合,将更利于景区的实践管理;在研究区域上,已从荒野地区转向高密度使用地区;在研究方法上,以定量研究方法为主。最后结合国外研究进展,展望了国内拥挤研究的趋势。     

Location patterns of urban restaurants

Locational patterns of five categories of restaurants in eight Canadian cities in Ontario are examined to identify spatial regularities. Spatial regularities sought include tendencies to agglomerate or deglomerate with respect to restaurants of the same category as well as of different categories; spatial correlations with other land uses; apparent effects of varying traffic levels (AADTs) on restaurant location; and variations in restaurant patterns in cities of different population sizes. Specific hypotheses relating to these expected spatial regularities were formulated, the majority of which were confirmed. The paper concludes with some observations on the types of locations that appear to support successful restaurants in urban areas.     

When Should Providers of Recreational Land be Immune from Liability?

This article examines statutes that limit the liability of landowners who open their property for recreational use. We ask whether landowner immunity promotes efficient provision by owners and efficient entry by recreational users. We examine these questions in several contexts, depending on whether the land is developed or undeveloped, privately or publicly owned, and whether or not the owner charges an entry fee. Our main finding is that, for both privately and publicly owned land, owner immunity is more efficient than owner liability when the land is undeveloped, but this is not true when the land is developed.     

井冈山市天然林游憩价值核算

本文应用消费者剩余理论,建立游览率与旅行费用等因子的相关关系方程,求出旅游需求曲线;以旅行费用法计算井冈山市的游憩价值。     

森林旅游资源的保护

森林旅游前景看好,本文分析了森林旅游资源开发利用中的负面影响,为使其负面影响减少到最低限度,实现森林旅游资源可持续利用,指出应加强对森林旅游资源的保护,并对森林旅游资源的保护提出一些对策建议。     

城郊森林公园游憩满意度影响因素研究

以福州的3个城郊森林公园调查数据为研究样本,构建了城郊森林公园游憩满意度影响因素理论模型,运用结构方程模型进行验证。结果表明:游憩目的对可达程度有显著正向影响,自然环境、服务环境、管理环境分别受到游憩目的和可达程度的显著正向影响,可达程度对服务环境的满意度作用最为显著,游憩目的对管理环境的满意度作用次之。提出了提升城郊森林公园可达程度,提高游客游憩满意度,加强城郊森林公园保护管理等建议。     

城市居民家庭结构与游憩行为关系研究——以长沙市为例

以抽样调查方法获得的长沙市居民游憩行为的丰富数据为基础,对家庭结构和具体游憩行为的关系进行对应分析,并进行卡方检验,发现家庭结构对城市居民游憩行为具有显著影响。其中不同家庭结构城市居民在游憩组织方式、交通工具、出游频次、停留时间、游憩花费、住宿选择等方面具有显著差异,而在信息来源、出游距离上差异不明显。     

Optimal location of new forests in a suburban region

This paper looks at the optimal location of new forests in a suburban region under area constraints. The methodology takes into account use benefits, non-use benefits (both bequest and existence values), opportunity costs of converting agricultural land, as well as planting and management costs of the new forest. The recreational benefits of new forest sites are estimated using function transfer techniques. We show that the net social benefit of the total afforestation project varies up to a factor 6. The recreational value of a site varies considerably with the available substitutes.     

Tourism in rural areas

This article derives from reflections on recent books by Newby (“Green and Pleasant Land”) and by Shoard (“Theft of the Countryside”). The nature of rural areas is changing, and this affects tourism to these areas. Both books are concerned to analyse and discuss the British countryside experience, although the issues raised are most certainly relevant to European countries and, to a lesser extent, to North America.